Abstract: A system for maintaining patency of a body lumen may include a first endoprosthesis configured to shift from a straightened configuration to a helical configuration defining a plurality of loops, and a second endoprosthesis configured to shift from a radially collapsed configuration toward a radially expanded configuration. The plurality of loops defines a passage having an inner diameter. At least a portion of the second endoprosthesis is disposed within the passage in the radially expanded configuration. A method of maintaining patency of a body lumen may include advancing a first endoprosthesis into a first body lumen in a straightened configuration, deploying the first endoprosthesis within the first body lumen in a helical configuration defining a plurality of loops, advancing a second endoprosthesis into the first body lumen in a radially collapsed configuration, and shifting the second endoprosthesis to a radially expanded configuration within the plurality of loops.

Abstract: The present invention provides a supercapacitor assembly which is characterised by comprising: a supercapacitor comprised of carbon-containing anode(s) and cathode(s), intermediate porous membrane(s) and an ionic liquid electrolyte; an electrical heater for heating the supercapacitor; and a thermostat for controlling the heater and maintaining the temperature of the ionic liquid at a temperature such that its viscosity is in the range 1 to 50 centipoise. In particular, there are provided supercapacitors which can operate at voltages greater than 3.5 v (for example, in the range 3.5 to 6 v) without significant long term redox degradation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a supercapacitor assembly which is characterised by comprising: a supercapacitor comprised of carbon-containing anode(s) and cathode(s), intermediate porous membrane(s) and an ionic liquid electrolyte; an electrical heater for heating the supercapacitor; and a thermostat for controlling the heater and maintaining the temperature of the ionic liquid at a temperature such that its viscosity is in the range 1 to 50 centipoise. In particular, there are provided supercapacitors which can operate at voltages greater than 3.5v (for example, in the range 3.5 to 6v) without significant long term redox degradation.

Abstract: A method is disclosed. The method includes a) obtaining a data set comprising a subset of labeled data and a subset of unlabeled data, b) determining a minimization equation characterizing a semi-supervised learning process, the minimization equation comprising a convex component and a non-convex component; c) applying a smoothing function to the minimization equation to obtain a smoothed minimization equation; d) determining a surrogate function based on the smoothed minimization equation and the data set, wherein the surrogate function includes a convex surrogate function component and a non-convex surrogate function component; e) performing a minimization process on the surrogate function resulting in a temporary minimum solution; and f) repeating d) and e) until a global minimum solution is determined. The method also includes creating a support vector machine using the global minimum solution.

Abstract: The present invention provides a supercapacitor assembly which is characterised by comprising: a supercapacitor comprised of carbon-containing anode(s) and cathode(s), intermediate porous membrane(s) and an ionic liquid electrolyte; an electrical heater for heating the supercapacitor; and a thermostat for controlling the heater and maintaining the temperature of the ionic liquid at a temperature such that its viscosity is in the range 1 to 50 centipoise. In particular, there are provided supercapacitors which can operate at voltages greater than 3.5v (for example, in the range 3.5 to 6v) without significant long term redox degradation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a supercapacitor assembly which is characterised by comprising: a supercapacitor comprised of carbon-containing anode(s) and cathode(s), intermediate porous membrane(s) and an ionic liquid electrolyte; an electrical heater for heating the supercapacitor; and a thermostat for controlling the heater and maintaining the temperature of the ionic liquid at a temperature such that its viscosity is in the range 1 to 50 centipoise. In particular, there are provided supercapacitors which can operate at voltages greater than 3.5 v (for example, in the range 3.5 to 6 v) without significant long term redox degradation.