Abstract: One aspect of the present invention provides a robot controller for end portion control of a multi-degree-of-freedom robot. The robot controller comprises: a first control interface, which is positioned at a first position around the robot end portion and receives a first control input for at least for directions; a second control interface, which is positioned at a second position around the robot end portion and receives a second control input for at least four directions; and an encoder, which interprets the combination of the first and second control inputs as a third control input about the robot end portion and provides the robot with a signal according to the third control input.

Abstract: In some example embodiments, a back side illumination (BSI) image sensor may include a pixel configured to generate electrical signals in response to light incident on a back side of a substrate. In some example embodiments, the pixel includes, a photodiode, a device isolation film adjacent to the photodiode, a dark current suppression layer above the photodiode, a light shield grid above the photodiode and including an opening area of 1 to 15% of an area of the pixel, a light shielding filter layer above the light shield grid, a planarization layer above the light shielding filter layer, a lens above the planarization layer, and/or an anti-reflective film between the photodiode and the lens.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) and a device using the same are provided. The device receives a trigger frame for requesting a transmission of a response PPDU and transmits the response PPDU. A duration of the response PPDU is calculated based on a duration of the trigger frame.

Abstract: An electronic device may a main body; a sensor part disposed on a side of the main body; and a processor configured to control a display to display a first graphical object related to a contact state of a finger based on information related to the contact state of the finger received from the sensor part before measurement of a bio-signal; and control the display to display a second graphical object related to a contact force of the finger based on information related to the contact force of the finger received from the sensor part during measurement of the bio-signal.

Abstract: An early earthquake detection method may comprise acquiring a frame image from a camera; acquiring a vibration signal from the frame image; removing a noise signal due to vibration of the camera from the vibration signal; acquiring a motion signal obtained by magnifying subtle motions from the noise signal-removed vibration signal; extracting vibration characteristics from the motion signal; estimating an occurrence of an earthquake by extracting a peak signal from the vibration characteristics; and determining whether an earthquake occurs by receiving earthquake estimation information from at least one other camera located within a certain range.

Abstract: A gas turbine blade has a trench part of a film cooling unit for cooling a blade part that is formed at a tip of a film cooling hole part. As a result, cooling efficiency of the blade can be improved since the blade part is sufficiently cooled even during introduction of a large amount of cooling air, durability of the blade can be increased by inhibiting the blade from being damaged due to hot gas since the trench part is formed to have a minimum width, and efficiency of a gas turbine can be increased by an improvement in film efficiency.

Abstract: Uplink transmission in a wireless local area network is provided. A station receives a trigger frame for requesting a transmission of an uplink physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) from an access point (AP). The station determines a value of a second duration field of an uplink PPDU based on a first duration field of the trigger frame. The station transmits the uplink PPDU. The uplink PPDU does not include any frame that solicits a response frame from the AP when the value of the second duration field is set to zero.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) in a transmission opportunity (TXOP) and a device using the same are provided. The device transmits a request to send (RTS) frame to a plurality of receiving stations. The RTS frame includes a bandwidth field and a plurality of allocation fields. The bandwidth field indicates a first bandwidth in which the RTS frame is transmitted. Each allocation field indicates a bandwidth in which a clear to send (CTS) frame is to be sent by a corresponding receiving station. The device determines a transmission bandwidth of a PPDU to be sent by comparing the first bandwidth with a second bandwidth which is a total bandwidth indicated by the plurality of allocation fields.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic device.

Abstract: An image sensor includes two or more phase-difference detection pixels disposed adjacent to each other, a plurality of general pixels spaced apart from the phase-difference detection pixels, first and second peripheral pixels, and first to third light shields. The first and second peripheral pixels are adjacent to the phase-difference detection pixels, and between the phase-difference detection pixels and the general pixels. The first light shield is disposed in one of the general pixels and has a first width. The second light shield extends into the first peripheral pixel from a first area between the phase-difference detection pixels and the first peripheral pixel, and has a second width different from the first width. The third light shield extends into the second peripheral pixel from a second area between the phase-difference detection pixels and the second peripheral pixel, and has a third width different from the first width.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a photoelectric element, a shielding layer on the photoelectric element, and a color filter structure on the shielding layer. The shielding layer may define a first opening over the photoelectric element. The color filter structure may define a second opening over the photoelectric element and the first opening. The color filter structure may appear dark from a view facing the color filter structure.

Abstract: Back side illumination (BSI) image sensors are provided. A BSI image sensor includes a substrate and a plurality of pixels configured to generate electrical signals responsive to light incident on the substrate. Each of the plurality of pixels includes a photodiode, an infrared radiation (IR) cut-off filter above the photodiode, a light shield pattern above the photodiode and including an opening corresponding to an area of 1 to 15% of each of the plurality of pixels, a planarization layer on the light shield pattern, and a lens on the planarization layer.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) in a transmission opportunity (TXOP) and a device using the same are provided. The device transmits a request to send (RTS) frame to a plurality of receiving stations. The RTS frame includes a bandwidth field and a plurality of allocation fields. The bandwidth field indicates a first bandwidth in which the RTS frame is transmitted. Each allocation field indicates a bandwidth in which a clear to send (CTS) frame is to be sent by a corresponding receiving station. The device determines a transmission bandwidth of a PPDU to be sent by comparing the first bandwidth with a second bandwidth which is a total bandwidth indicated by the plurality of allocation fields.

Abstract: Back side illumination (BSI) image sensors are provided. A BSI image sensor includes a substrate and a plurality of pixels configured to generate electrical signals responsive to light incident on the substrate. Each of the plurality of pixels includes a photodiode, an infrared radiation (IR) cut-off filter above the photodiode, a light shield pattern above the photodiode and including an opening corresponding to an area of 1 to 15% of each of the plurality of pixels, a planarization layer on the light shield pattern, and a lens on the planarization layer.

Abstract: An image sensor may include a substrate which includes a plurality of block regions. Each block region may include a separate plurality of pixel regions. Each pixel region may include a separate photoelectric element of a plurality of photoelectric elements in the substrate and a separate micro lens of a plurality of micro lenses on the substrate. Each micro lens of the plurality of micro lenses may be laterally offset from a vertical centerline of the pixel region towards a center of the block region. Each block region of the plurality of block regions may include a common shifted shape of the plurality of micro lenses of the block region.

Abstract: An image sensor includes two or more phase-difference detection pixels disposed adjacent to each other, a plurality of general pixels spaced apart from the phase-difference detection pixels, first and second peripheral pixels, and first to third light shields. The first and second peripheral pixels are adjacent to the phase-difference detection pixels, and between the phase-difference detection pixels and the general pixels. The first light shield is disposed in one of the general pixels and has a first width. The second light shield extends into the first peripheral pixel from a first area between the phase-difference detection pixels and the first peripheral pixel, and has a second width different from the first width. The third light shield extends into the second peripheral pixel from a second area between the phase-difference detection pixels and the second peripheral pixel, and has a third width different from the first width.

Abstract: In some example embodiments, a back side illumination (BSI) image sensor may include a pixel configured to generate electrical signals in response to light incident on a back side of a substrate. In some example embodiments, the pixel includes, a photodiode, a device isolation film adjacent to the photodiode, a dark current suppression layer above the photodiode, a light shield grid above the photodiode and including an opening area of 1 to 15% of an area of the pixel, a light shielding filter layer above the light shield grid, a planarization layer above the light shielding filter layer, a lens above the planarization layer, and/or an anti-reflective film between the photodiode and the lens.

Abstract: In some example embodiments, a back side illumination (BSI) image sensor may include a pixel configured to generate electrical signals in response to light incident on a back side of a substrate. In some example embodiments, the pixel includes, a photodiode, a device isolation film adjacent to the photodiode, a dark current suppression layer above the photodiode, a light shield grid above the photodiode and including an opening area of 1 to 15% of an area of the pixel, a light shielding filter layer above the light shield grid, a planarization layer above the light shielding filter layer, a lens above the planarization layer, and/or an anti-reflective film between the photodiode and the lens.

Abstract: Back side illumination (BSI) image sensors are provided. A BSI image sensor includes a substrate and a plurality of pixels configured to generate electrical signals responsive to light incident on the substrate. Each of the plurality of pixels includes a photodiode, an infrared radiation (IR) cut-off filter above the photodiode, a light shield pattern above the photodiode and including an opening corresponding to an area of 1 to 15% of each of the plurality of pixels, a planarization layer on the light shield pattern, and a lens on the planarization layer.

Abstract: Back side illumination (BSI) image sensors are provided. A BSI image sensor includes a substrate and a plurality of pixels configured to generate electrical signals responsive to light incident on the substrate. Each of the plurality of pixels includes a photodiode, an infrared radiation (IR) cut-off filter above the photodiode, a light shield pattern above the photodiode and including an opening corresponding to an area of 1 to 15% of each of the plurality of pixels, a planarization layer on the light shield pattern, and a lens on the planarization layer.