Abstract: A vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication-based electronic toll collection system (ETCS) according to an embodiment of the present invention includes at least one roadside unit (RSU), a token issuer checking a de-identified token of a vehicle by communicating with an on-board unit (OBU) of the vehicle via the at least one roadside unit, and a clearing house communicating with the token issuer and charging a toll to a driver/owner of the vehicle. The token issuer generates toll information of the vehicle based on the de-identified token of the vehicle and location information of the at least one roadside unit involved in checking the de-identified token.

Abstract: Provided are a vehicle sensor cleaning apparatus and a control method thereof. The vehicle sensor cleaning apparatus includes a liquid sprayer configured to spray washer fluid on at least one sensor arranged in a vehicle, an air sprayer configured to spray air on the at least one sensor, a liquid controller configured to control washer fluid spraying of the liquid sprayer, and an air controller configured to control air spraying of the air sprayer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light irradiation apparatus including: a body part, base parts coupled to the body part, light irradiators coupled to the corresponding base part to irradiate light on a user's body, and position adjustors for adjusting the light irradiators in position and having one or more actuators controlled by a computing device, wherein the one or more actuators adjust the light irradiators in position so that the positions of the light irradiators correspond to the user's body on which the light is irradiated.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, provided is an aerosol generating device including: a receiving portion accommodating a cigarette through an opening formed at one end of the receiving portion; a first susceptor located in the receiving portion; a second susceptor arranged spaced apart from the first susceptor; a third susceptor arranged spaced apart from the first susceptor and the second susceptor; and a coil that induces an alternating magnetic field so that the first to third susceptors generate heat, wherein whether the cigarette is accommodated is determined based on a first temperature profile of the second susceptor and a second temperature profile of the third susceptor.

Abstract: A method for operating a computational storage device includes receiving by a storage controller and from a host device: (1) a compute namespace setting instruction instructing the setting of a compute namespace; (2) a latency threshold value related to the compute namespace; (3) a program; (4) a first execute command using the program; and (5) a second execute command using the program. Additionally, the method includes transmitting, by the storage controller and to the host device, a latency message in response to the second execute command.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode assembly, a battery, and a battery pack and a vehicle including the same. In the electrode assembly, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator interposed therebetween are wound based on a winding axis to define a core and an outer circumference. The first electrode includes a first active material portion coated with an active material layer and a first uncoated portion not coated with an active material layer along a winding direction. At least a part of the first uncoated portion is defined as an electrode tab by itself. The first uncoated portion includes a first portion adjacent to the core of the electrode assembly, a second portion adjacent to the outer circumference of the electrode assembly, and a third portion interposed between the first portion and the second portion. The first portion or the second portion has a smaller height than the third portion in the winding axis direction.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for treating a substrate, the apparatus including: an equipment front end module including a load port and a transfer frame; a process chamber for performing a process treatment on a substrate; and a load lock chamber disposed in a transfer path of the substrate transferred between the transfer frame and the process chamber, in which the load lock chamber includes: a housing having an interior space; a compartmentalizing plate for compartmentalizing the interior space into a first space, and a second space independent of the first space; and an aligning unit for aligning a notch of the substrate provided in any one of the first space and the second space.

Abstract: Provided is a navigation device for guiding a coil location, a brain stimulating device comprising same, and a bio-navigation robot system. The navigation device for guiding a coil location comprises: a 3D camera unit for capturing an image of a user to obtain a 3D camera image; and a location data calculating unit for mapping the camera image to a 3D medical image including brain region information or mapping the 3D medical image to the camera image to obtain a mapped image and calculating location data of a brain region to be stimulated from the mapped image.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a discharge pressure of a fluid includes: a pump configured to suck the fluid through an inlet or to discharge the sucked fluid through an outlet; a distributor connected to the pump and to an injection nozzle provided by a sensor and configured to distribute the fluid discharged from the pump to the sensor; and a controller. The controller is configured to control the pump to operate selectively in accordance with detection of contamination of the sensor and to control operation of the distributor to be forcibly delayed during operation of the pump such that the fluid distributed to the sensor, when detected as being contaminated, is controlled to reach a selected required discharge pressure of different required discharge pressures selected in accordance with water amount information and a degree of contamination of the sensor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an integrated connector and a heat exchanger including the same, in which a connector main body is formed by pressing one pipe, a cap is press-fitted into the connector main body, such that the integrated connector is formed so that an interior of the connector main body is blocked by the cap. Therefore, the number of components used to manufacture a connector, which connects and securely couples a header tank and a gas-liquid separator, may be reduced, the integrated connector may be easily manufactured, and a brazing defect may be reduced at portions where the integrated connector is joined to the header tank and the gas-liquid separator of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a main magnetic component applicable to a core module of an electric vehicle. A composite magnetic component according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a transformer that converts power on an input side to transmit same to an output side, and has a first core and a first coil disposed in the first core; a ZVS inductor that refluxes a residual current to the input side without FET operation loss, and has a second core and a second coil disposed within the second core; an output inductor that removes the ripple of a current on the output side, and has a third core and a third coil disposed in the third core; and an EMI inductor that reduces electric noise of the current on the output side, and has a fourth core and a fourth coil disposed in the fourth core. Here, the second core, the third core, and the fourth core are made of different materials, and the first core and the second core are made of the same material.

Abstract: An extended reality-based fire training method includes: (a) acquiring each object in a real space acquired through a stereo camera and depth information on each object; (b) reconstructing each object into a 3D mesh object based on each object and the depth information on each object; (c) simulating a virtual fire suppression training augmented reality environment after generating a virtual fire in at least one of the reconstructed 3D mesh objects, and transmitting the simulated virtual fire suppression training augmented reality environment to a head-mounted display device; and (d) operating a virtual fire extinguisher object in a virtual fire suppression training augmented reality environment according to a user manipulation of a real fire extinguisher, and extinguishing a virtual fire object by firing a virtual powder object toward the virtual fire object according to the operation of the virtual fire extinguisher object.

Abstract: An indoor wireless positioning method according to one embodiment of the present invention includes receiving initial received signal strength indicator (RSSI) information from a reception unit; searching for a fingerprint matching measured initial RSSI information in a fingerprint database; determining a first location corresponding to the retrieved fingerprint to be an initial location of the reception unit; receiving additional RSSI information from the reception unit; extracting features of variability between the additional RSSI information and the initial RSSI information; searching for variability fingerprints matching the initial location and extracted RSSI variability features in a variability fingerprint database; and updating a second location to a current location of the reception unit when the second location corresponding to the retrieved variability fingerprint is different from the initial location, wherein the second location is a location in a candidate area within a preset distance range ce

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode assembly, a battery, and a battery pack and a vehicle including the same. In the electrode assembly, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator interposed therebetween are wound based on an axis to define a core and an outer circumference. The first electrode includes an uncoated portion at a long side end thereof and exposed out of the separator along a winding axis direction of the electrode assembly. A part of the uncoated portion is bent in a radial direction of the electrode assembly to form a bending surface region that includes overlapping layers of the uncoated portion, and in a partial region of the bending surface region, the number of stacked layers of the uncoated portion is 10 or more in the winding axis direction of the electrode assembly.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a semiconductor device, comprising: a bit line structure including a bit line contact plug, a bit line, and a bit line hard mask that are sequentially stacked over a substrate; a storage node contact plug that is spaced apart from the bit line structure; a conformal spacer that is positioned between the bit line and the storage node contact plug and includes a low-k material; and a seed liner that is positioned between the conformal spacer and the bit line and thinner than the conformal spacer.

Abstract: A foil tab forming apparatus forms at least one foil tab of a positive electrode foil tab and a negative electrode foil tab respectively provided at a top portion and a bottom portion of an electrode assembly. The foil tab forming apparatus includes a pre-forming jig configured to bend the foil tab by pressing the foil tab, while moving in a direction from an outer circumferential portion of the electrode assembly to a winding center portion of the electrode assembly and a forming jig configured to press the foil tab that has been primarily bent by the pre-forming jig, by moving along a direction parallel to a winding axis of the electrode assembly.

Abstract: A storage device includes a printed circuit board (PCB) with attached semiconductor chips, each including a memory, and with at least one wire coupling the semiconductor chips. The storage device includes a case including a first case surrounding a top portion of the printed circuit board and a second case surrounding a bottom portion of the printed circuit board. A sidewall of the first case and a protrusion of the second case form a concavo-convex structure. The sidewall of the first case and the protrusion of the second case cover a side of the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A method for forming a semiconductor die, includes forming an interlayer dielectric layer on a substrate having a semiconductor die region, a seal-ring region, and a scribe line region, forming a metal pad and a test pad on the interlayer dielectric layer, forming a passivation dielectric layer on the interlayer dielectric layer, the metal pad, and the test pad, first etching the passivation dielectric layer and the interlayer dielectric layer existing between the seal-ring region and the scribe line region to a predetermined depth using a plasma etching process, second etching the passivation dielectric layer to expose the metal pad and the test pad, forming a bump on the metal pad, and dicing the substrate while removing the scribe line region by mechanical sawing.

Abstract: A vehicle cooling/heating system includes a coolant line in which coolant is circulated between a heat source component of a vehicle that provides waste heat and a chiller and a refrigerant line in which refrigerant is circulated through a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator. The refrigerant line performs indoor cooling through the evaporator. A controller controls the coolant line such that, during a drying mode in which it is necessary to dry the evaporator, the coolant in the coolant line is circulated or not circulated through the heat source component and the chiller, and such that the refrigerant in the refrigerant line flows, in order, through the compressor, the evaporator, and the chiller.

Abstract: An inductor-integrated transformer as an embodiment of the present invention includes a transformer core including an upper core and a lower core; a transformer coil including a primary coil and a secondary coil; an inductor core including an upper core and a lower core; and an inductor coil, wherein the primary coil includes a plurality of input terminals spaced a first distance apart from a first surface of the transformer core; and a plurality of input terminals spaced a second distance apart from a second surface, and the output terminal is electrically connected to the secondary coil and the inductor coil, and the first distance is greater than the second distance.