Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and apparatus for subband-coding a frequency conversion unit and a video encoding/decoding method a video encoding/decoding apparatus using the same. The method and the apparatus for subband-coding the frequency conversion unit include generating an encoding stream by splitting the frequency conversion unit into one or more frequency domains, generating frequency domain encoding information according to whether there is a non-zero frequency coefficient in each frequency domain, scanning the frequency coefficient of each frequency domain to generate a frequency domain frequency coefficient stream, and binarizing and encoding the frequency domain encoding information and the scanned frequency domain frequency coefficient stream.

Abstract: An antenna system mounted in a vehicle according to the present invention comprises: a metal plate that forms a part of the exterior of the antenna system and operates as a radiator; a lower substrate disposed on the lower portion of the metal plate; and a first antenna comprising a feeding part disposed on the front surface of the lower substrate and configured to transmit a signal to the metal plate through a metal supporter, and a shorting pin configured to connect the ground of the lower substrate and the metal plate. In addition, the system comprises a second antenna that is disposed in the antenna system and is separately provided from the first antenna.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and apparatus for subband-coding a frequency conversion unit and a video encoding/decoding method a video encoding/decoding apparatus using the same. The method and the apparatus for subband-coding the frequency conversion unit include generating an encoding stream by splitting the frequency conversion unit into one or more frequency domains, generating frequency domain encoding information according to whether there is a non-zero frequency coefficient in each frequency domain, scanning the frequency coefficient of each frequency domain to generate a frequency domain frequency coefficient stream, and binarizing and encoding the frequency domain encoding information and the scanned frequency domain frequency coefficient stream.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and apparatus for subband-coding a frequency conversion unit and a video encoding/decoding method a video encoding/decoding apparatus using the same. The method and the apparatus for subband-coding the frequency conversion unit include generating an encoding stream by splitting the frequency conversion unit into one or more frequency domains, generating frequency domain encoding information according to whether there is a non-zero frequency coefficient in each frequency domain, scanning the frequency coefficient of each frequency domain to generate a frequency domain frequency coefficient stream, and binarizing and encoding the frequency domain encoding information and the scanned frequency domain frequency coefficient stream.

Abstract: An apparatus for preheating a substrate includes a preheating chamber, a cooling plate, a heater, an isolation plate, a gas supplier and a gas discharger. The preheating chamber may be configured to receive the substrate. The cooling plate may be arranged on an upper surface of the preheating chamber. The heater may be arranged between the cooling plate and the substrate to heat the substrate. The isolation plate may be arranged between the cooling plate and the substrate to form a first space between the preheating chamber and the isolation plate and a second space between the cooling plate and the isolation plate. The gas supplier may be configured to individually supply a vent gas to the first space and the second space. The gas discharge may be configured to individually supply vacuum to the first space and the second space.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an active region extending from a substrate in a vertical direction, source/drain regions spaced apart from each other on the active region, a fin structure between the source/drain regions on the active region, the fin structure including a lower semiconductor region on the active region, a stack structure having alternating first and second semiconductor layers on the lower semiconductor region, a side surface of at least one of the first semiconductor layers being recessed, and a semiconductor capping layer on the stack structure, an isolation layer covering a side surface of the active region, a gate structure overlapping the fin structure and covering upper and side surfaces of the fin structure, the semiconductor capping layer being between the gate structure and each of the lower semiconductor region and stack structure, and contact plugs electrically connected to the source/drain regions.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including a plurality of first pixels disposed in a first display area and a plurality of second pixels disposed in a second display area adjacent to the first display area, a gate driver disposed in the second display area of the display panel to overlap a portion of the second pixels and driving the first and second pixels, a controller receiving image data and converting the image data to image signals, and a data driver converting the image signals to data signals and outputting the data signals to the first and second pixels. The controller compensates for effective data corresponding to the second pixels and reflects the compensated effective data to the image signals.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a substrate, a component area arranged over the substrate, the component area and including a first component area and a second component area, the first component area including a plurality of first pixel groups and a first transmission area arranged between the first pixel groups, the second component area including a plurality of second pixel groups and a second transmission area arranged between the second pixel groups, a main display area arranged over the substrate, the main display area including main display elements and main pixel circuits respectively connected to the main display elements, and a component arranged in the component area. A planar shape of the first transmission area may be different from a planar shape of the second transmission area.

Abstract: A display device is provided. The display device includes a substrate including a display area, an opening area disposed in the display area, a first non-display area at least partially surrounding the display area, and a second non-display area at least partially surrounding the opening area. A display layer is disposed in the display area. An encapsulating substrate covers the display layer and has an opening corresponding to the opening area. A sealing portion is disposed between the encapsulating substrate and the substrate. The sealing portion is disposed in the opening area and connects the encapsulating substrate to the substrate. A partition wall is disposed between the substrate and the sealing portion.

Abstract: A wafer heating apparatus may include a heating chamber having an internal space and a heating lamp disposed in the internal space of the heating chamber. The heating lamp may be configured to heat a wafer. The heating lamp may include a plurality of lamps. Each of the plurality of lamps may have circular band shapes with open regions. At least one lamp may be disposed in at least one region among regions adjacent to the open regions of the plurality of lamps.

Abstract: Described are memory systems and devices in which each memory die in a three-dimensional stack of memory dies includes drive and receive circuitry that can communicate data signals from the stack on behalf of all the memory dies in the stack. The drive and receive circuitry, if defective on one device in the stack, can be disabled and substituted with the drive and receive circuitry from another. The stack of memory dies can thus function despite a failure of drive or receive circuitry in one or more of the memory dies. Each memory die includes test circuitry to detect defective drive and receive circuitry.

Abstract: A fastening automation apparatus for an upper electrode of an etching facility includes a ring, and a plurality of fastening modules movably secured to the ring and configured to be movable in a radial direction on the ring. Each fastening module includes a first frame that is movable in a radial direction on the ring, a driving source installed below the first frame, a driving shaft that transmits a driving force from the driving source, a power transmission unit connected to the driving shaft, and a fastening bit connected to the power transmission unit and configured to be rotated. The plurality of fastening modules are configured to operate simultaneously to install the upper electrode in the etching facility.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus and a lift pin alignment apparatus, the substrate processing apparatus including a chamber; a substrate plate on which the substrate is seatable; a plurality of movable lift in the substrate plate to support the substrate; a leveling sensor configured to be loadable in the chamber on the lift pins; a controller configured to receive measurement values of roll (?) and pitch (?) of a plane of the lift pins to calculate a rotation matrix (T) of the plane from the measurement values of roll (?) and pitch (?), and to calculate travel distances of the lift pins for leveling the plane to be parallel with a horizontal reference plane by using the rotation matrix (T) and to output a lift pin control signal for aligning the lift pins; and a lift pin driver to move the lift pins according to the lift pin control signal.

Abstract: A computer-implemented depth estimation method based on non-parametric Census transform with adaptive window patterns and semi-global optimization. A modified cross-based cost aggregation technique adaptively creates the shape of the cross for each pixel distinctly. In addition, a depth refinement algorithm fills holes within the estimated depth map using the surrounding background depth pixels and sharpens the object boundaries by exerting a trilateral filter to the generated depth map. The trilateral filter uses the curvature of pixels as well as texture and depth information to sharpen the edges.

Abstract: A region of interest (ROI) generation method for stereo-based pedestrian detection systems. A vertical gradient of a clustered depth map is used to find ground plane and variable-sized bounding boxes are extracted on a boundary of the ground plane as ROIs. The ROIs are then classified into pedestrian and non-pedestrian classes. Simulation results show the algorithm outperforms the existing monocular and stereo-based methods.

Abstract: A variable block size compressed sensing (CS) method for high efficiency depth map coding. Quad-tree decomposition is performed on a depth image to differentiate irregular uniform and edge areas prior to CS acquisition. To exploit temporal correlation and enhance coding efficiency, the quad-tree based CS acquisition is further extended to inter-frame encoding, where block partitioning is performed independently on the I frame and each of the subsequent residual frames. At the decoder, pixel domain total-variation minimization is performed for high quality depth map reconstruction.

Abstract: A computer-implemented depth estimation method based on non-parametric Census transform with adaptive window patterns and semi-global optimization. A modified cross-based cost aggregation technique adaptively creates the shape of the cross for each pixel distinctly. In addition, a depth refinement algorithm fills holes within the estimated depth map using the surrounding background depth pixels and sharpens the object boundaries by exerting a trilateral filter to the generated depth map. The trilateral filter uses the curvature of pixels as well as texture and depth information to sharpen the edges.

Abstract: An apparatus, medium, and method generating a motion-compensating layer, with the apparatus including a spatial layer generator to generate an enhancement layer and a base layer, the enhancement layer including a plurality of temporally sequential video frames, and the base layer including at least one sub video frame obtained by sub sampling the plurality of video frames, and a temporal layer generator to generate at least one temporal layer corresponding to the base layer, and to generate at least one temporal layer corresponding to the enhancement layer by predicting a lower second frame using at least one of an upper second frame and an encoded first frame. The first frame may be a frame included in the at least one temporal layer corresponding to the base layer, and the second frame may be a frame included in the at least one temporal layer corresponding to the enhancement layer.

Abstract: Methods and systems for streaming data in a network. Whether the network is experiencing high packet loss may be determined by a rate control module. If high packet loss is experienced, data is encoded into multiple streams by a coder using temporal domain partitioning. If high packet loss is not experienced, then data may is encoded by using frequency domain partitioning. Unequal error protection is applied to each of the streams so more important bit planes in a bit of a stream are provided with more error protection than less important bit planes. The streams are transmitted along, respectively, independent paths to a decoder. The streams are decoded, and errors in the decoded streams are corrected by using information from one or more of the other decoded streams. The decoded corrected streams are reconstructed into the data.

Abstract: An apparatus, medium, and method generating a motion-compensating layer, with the apparatus including a spatial layer generator to generate an enhancement layer and a base layer, the enhancement layer including a plurality of temporally sequential video frames, and the base layer including at least one sub video frame obtained by sub sampling the plurality of video frames, and a temporal layer generator to generate at least one temporal layer corresponding to the base layer, and to generate at least one temporal layer corresponding to the enhancement layer by predicting a lower second frame using at least one of an upper second frame and an encoded first frame. The first frame may be a frame included in the at least one temporal layer corresponding to the base layer, and the second frame may be a frame included in the at least one temporal layer corresponding to the enhancement layer.