Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a carbon nanofiber of the present invention including dissolving a catalyst-precursor and a supporter-precursor into a solvent of a hydrocarbon-based compound to prepare a reacting solution, atomizing the reacting solution, thermally decomposing the atomized reacting solution to forming particles of the carbon nanofiber, and collecting the particles of the carbon nanofiber. In accordance with the above method, the carbon nanofiber is efficiently mass-produced in situ process and in batch process.

Abstract: An indium tin oxide (ITO) target including calcium of about 0.001% to about 10% by atom, compared with an indium atom, and an ITO transparent electrode for a display apparatus manufactured from an ITO target are provided. A method of manufacturing the ITO target, the method including: preparing a slurry by mixing an indium oxide powder, a tin oxide powder, and a calcium-containing compound powder; granulating the slurry by milling and drying the slurry to prepare a granulated powder; shaping the granulated powder to form a shaped body; and sintering the shaped body. The ITO target including calcium manufactured by the method can reduce a number of times nodules and arcs are generated during sputtering, thereby growing a film which is able to be used for a long period of time.