Abstract: One aspect of the present disclosure is a pharmaceutical composition which includes (R)—N-[1-(3,5-difluoro-4-methansulfonylamino-phenyl)-ethyl]-3-(2-propyl-6-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-3-yl)-acrylamide as a first component and a cellulosic polymer as a second component, wherein the composition of one aspect of the present disclosure has a formulation characteristic in which crystal formation is delayed for a long time.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for decomposing a phenolic by-product, the method including: a step S10 of injecting and mixing a bisphenol A by-product produced in a bisphenol A production process, a mixed by-product stream of phenol by-products produced in a phenol production process, a decomposition apparatus side discharge stream, and a process water stream in a mixing apparatus; a step S20 of injecting a mixing apparatus discharge stream discharged from the mixing apparatus into a phase separation apparatus and phase-separating the mixing apparatus discharge stream into an oil-phase stream and a liquid-phase stream; a step S30 of feeding the oil-phase stream, which is phase-separated in the step S20 and discharged from the phase separation apparatus, to a decomposition apparatus to decompose the oil-phase stream; and a step S40 of circulating the decomposition apparatus side discharge stream obtained by the decomposition in the step S30 to the mixing apparatus in the step S10.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for treating a substrate are provided. The apparatus includes at least one first process chamber configured to supply a developer onto the substrate; at least one second process chamber configured to treat the substrate using a supercritical fluid; a transfer chamber configured to transfer the substrate from the at least one first process chamber to the at least one second process chamber, while the developer supplied in the at least one first process chamber remains on the substrate; and a temperature and humidity control system configured to manage temperature and humidity of the transfer chamber by supplying a first gas of constant temperature and humidity into the transfer chamber.

Abstract: An energy storage device can include a first electrode, a second electrode and a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode wherein the first electrode includes an electrochemically active material and a porous carbon material, and the second electrode includes elemental lithium metal and carbon particles. A method for fabricating an energy storage device can include forming a first electrode and a second electrode, and inserting a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, where forming the first electrode includes combining an electrochemically active material and a porous carbon material, and forming the second electrode includes combining elemental lithium metal and a plurality of carbon particles.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for preparing a polyalkylene carbonate. More specifically, provided is a method for preparing a polyalkylene carbonate in which after polymerization of polyalkylene carbonate, a mixture from which unreacted carbon dioxide and residual catalyst have been removed is charged into a stripper to remove the unreacted epoxide compound, and then heat-exchanged before removing the solvent to increase the temperature of the mixture stream to the maximum level, which is subjected to a heating step, following by a solvent removal step, whereby the amount of steam required in the heating step is reduced, side reactions due to unreacted epoxide compounds are prevented, and steam energy can be reduced in the solvent removal step.

Abstract: Proposed are methods for manufacturing intermittently coated dry electrodes for energy storage devices and energy storage devices including the intermittently coated dry electrodes. In one embodiment, the method includes providing a metal layer and providing an electrochemically active free-standing film formed of a dry active material. The method also includes combining the electrochemically active free-standing film and the metal layer to form a combined layer. The method further includes removing a portion of the electrochemically active free-standing film from the combined layer so that the electrochemically active free-standing film is intermittently formed on the metal layer in a longitudinal direction of the metal layer.

Abstract: An electrical stimulation-based ankle muscle rehabilitation training apparatus comprising: an ankle movement providing device that provides dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, eversion, inversion, supination, and pronation operations; first and second electrode pads respectively attached to the proximal and distal portions of the tibialis anterior representative of the ankle dorsiflexor; third and fourth electrode pads respectively attached to the proximal and distal portions of the peroneus longus representative of the ankle evertor; an electrical stimulation providing unit for applying electrical stimulation to the first to fourth electrode pads; and a control unit that controls the ankle movement providing device to sequentially perform a first operation of repeating dorsiflexion and plantarflexion movements, a second operation of repeating eversion and inversion movements, and a third operation of repeating supination and pronation movements at an appropriate slow speed, and controls the electrical stimulation

Abstract: Materials and methods for preparing dry cathode electrode film including reduced binder content are described. The cathode electrode film may be a self-supporting film including a single binder. The binder loading may be 3 weight % or less. In a first aspect, a method for preparing a dry free standing electrode film for an energy storage device is provided, comprising nondestructively mixing a cathode active material, a porous carbon, and optionally a conductive carbon to form an active material mixture, adding a single fibrillizable binder to the active material mixture, nondestructively mixing to form an electrode film mixture, and calendering the electrode film mixture to form a free standing electrode film.

Abstract: Provided herein are energy storage device electrode films comprising a hybrid electrode film, and methods of forming such multilayer hybrid electrode films and energy storage devices comprising multilayer hybrid electrode films. Each hybrid electrode film may comprise a self-supporting dry coated active layer and a wet cast active layer, wherein each active layer comprises a binder and an active material. The binder and/or active material may be the same or different as any other active layer. The hybrid multilayer electrode film may further comprise at least one additional layer, and the hybrid multilayer electrode film may be laminated with a current collector to form an electrode.

Abstract: Provided herein are dry process electrode films, and energy storage devices incorporating the same, including a microparticulate non-fibrillizable binder having certain particle sizes. The electrode films exhibit improved mechanical and processing characteristics. Also provided are methods for processing such microparticulate non-fibrillizable electrode film binders, and for incorporating the microparticulate non-fibrillizable binders in electrode films.

Abstract: Methods for manufacturing intermittently coated dry electrodes for energy storage devices and energy storage devices including the intermittently coated dry electrodes are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method includes providing a metal layer and providing an electrochemically active free-standing film formed of a dry active material. The method also includes combining the electrochemically active free-standing film and the metal layer to form a combined layer. The method further includes removing a portion of the electrochemically active free-standing film from the combined layer so that the electrochemically active free-standing film is intermittently formed on the metal layer in a longitudinal direction of the metal layer.

Abstract: Materials and methods for preparing dry cathode electrode film including reduced binder content are described. The cathode electrode film may be a self-supporting film including a single binder. The binder loading may be 3 weight % or less. In a first aspect, a method for preparing a dry free standing electrode film for an energy storage device is provided, comprising nondestructively mixing a cathode active material, a porous carbon, and optionally a conductive carbon to form an active material mixture, adding a single fibrillizable binder to the active material mixture, nondestructively mixing to form an electrode film mixture, and calendering the electrode film mixture to form a free standing electrode film.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a silica aerogel, which includes: (1) manufacturing a hydrogel composite; (2) washing the manufactured hydrogel composite with a washing solvent; and (3) drying the washed hydrogel composite, wherein, impurities are removed from the hydrogel composite in Step (2), and the washing solvent is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the boiling point (b.p.) of the washing solvent.

Abstract: Provided herein are energy storage device electrode films comprising a hybrid electrode film, and methods of forming such multilayer hybrid electrode films and energy storage devices comprising multilayer hybrid electrode films. Each hybrid electrode film may comprise a self-supporting dry coated active layer and a wet cast active layer, wherein each active layer comprises a binder and an active material. The binder and/or active material may be the same or different as any other active layer. The hybrid multilayer electrode film may further comprise at least one additional layer, and the hybrid multilayer electrode film may be laminated with a current collector to form an electrode.

Abstract: A method for separating and refining 1-butene with a high purity and a high yield from a raffinate-2 stream. The method includes: feeding raffinate-2 to a first distillation column; obtaining heavy raffinate-3 from a lower part of the first distillation column; recovering an upper part fraction containing 1-butene from an upper part of the first distillation column; feeding the upper part fraction containing 1-butene to a second distillation column; recovering a first lower part fraction rich in 1-butene from a lower part of the second distillation column and light raffinate-3 from an upper part of the second distillation column. Heat of the upper part fraction recovered from the upper part of the first distillation column is fed to the lower part of the second distillation column through a first heat exchanger. Thus, 1-butene is obtained with high purity and high yield while maximizing an energy recovery amount by double-effect distillation.

Abstract: The present application relates to a process for producing acrylic acid.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing acrylic acid, wherein the process comprises a first step and a second step in which a first absorbent is added to a reaction product of a bio-material and cooled to separate a first low-boiling-point material including acetaldehyde (ACHO) and a first high-boiling-point material including acrylic acid (AA). The process is capable of producing high-purity acrylic acid at high yield, and acetaldehyde is produced as by-product along with the reaction product of the bio-material. The process includes separating the acetaldehyde produced as by-product into a high-purity product at high yield.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing acrylic acid, comprising (step 1) separating a first low-boiling-point material including acetaldehyde (ACHO) and a first high-boiling-point material including acrylic acid (AA) by adding a first absorbent to a reaction product of a bio-raw material and cooling the result; (step 2) separating a first incompressible material and a second low-boiling-point material including acetaldehyde (ACHO) by adding a second absorbent to the first low-boiling-point material including acetaldehyde (ACHO) and cooling the result; (step 3) heating the second low-boiling-point material including acetaldehyde (ACHO); (step 4) separating the heated second low-boiling-point material including acetaldehyde (ACHO) to acetaldehyde (ACHO) and the second absorbent and (step 5) producing acrylic acid by purifying the first high-boiling-point material including acrylic acid (AA).

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing acrylic acid, the process comprising: (step 1) preparing a first aqueous lactic acid solution by diluting a lactic acid raw material with water; (step 2) heat exchanging the first aqueous lactic acid solution to form a vaporized second lactic acid vapor and an unvaporized third aqueous lactic acid solution; (step 3) including the unvaporized third aqueous lactic acid solution in the aqueous solution of the step 1; and (step 4) supplying and absorbing an absorption liquid to the vaporized second lactic acid vapor to form an absorbed fourth aqueous lactic acid solution and an unabsorbed fifth lactic acid vapor, wherein the absorption liquid is water or an aqueous lactic acid solution.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing acrylic acid, the process including supplying a lactic acid raw material to an upper portion of a distillation tower; supplying water to a lower portion of the distillation tower; supplying a first lactic acid vapor vaporized in the distillation tower to a reactor; and supplying a second aqueous lactic acid solution not vaporized in the distillation tower to a middle portion of the distillation tower. The process uses a distillation tower instead of a vaporizer, and is capable of preventing formation of a lactic acid oligomer during vaporization of an aqueous lactic acid solution, and, by introducing a concentrated lactic acid raw material to the distillation tower as it is, is capable of producing acrylic acid without a separate dilution device.