Abstract: Provided are a method of low-complexity decoding based on soft decision and a computing device for performing the method. The method of low-complexity decoding based on soft decision, performed by a computing device, includes receiving a vector, in which a codeword is modulated, through a channel, determining a decoding result by sequentially applying the received vector to one or more decoding algorithms, and decoding the codeword based on an analysis on the decoding result of a detector corresponding to each of the one or more decoding algorithms.

Abstract: A method of recovering a solvent including: supplying polymerization reactants including one or more monomers and a solvent to a reactor to obtain a polymer solution; supplying a stream including the polymer solution to a separator to separate an upper discharge stream including the solvent, wherein the solvent is in a gaseous phase, and a lower discharge stream including the polymer solution; heating a divergence stream including a part of the lower discharge stream from the separator by a heating device and refluxing the divergence stream to the separator; supplying a residue stream including a remainder of the lower discharge stream from the separator to a steam stripping process unit; and adjusting a vapor mass fraction of the divergence stream which is refluxed to the separator with a pressure adjustment valve after being heated by the heating device.

Abstract: A display device may include a first electrode, a second electrode, an emission layer, an intervening layer, and a first encapsulation layer. The second electrode may overlap the first electrode. The emission layer may be disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, may overlap the first electrode, and may include a light emitting material. The intervening layer may directly contact the second electrode, may be spaced from each of the first electrode and the emission layer, and may include a fluorine compound. A first section of the first encapsulation layer may overlap the emission layer. The intervening layer may be positioned between the second electrode and a second section of the first encapsulation layer.

Abstract: A method of reinforcement learning of a neural network device for generating a verification vector for verifying a circuit design comprising a circuit block includes inputting a test vector to the circuit block, generating one or more rewards based on a coverage corresponding to the test vector, the coverage being determined based on a state transition of the circuit block based on the test vector, and applying the one or more rewards to a reinforcement learning.

Abstract: A three-dimensional semiconductor memory device may include horizontal patterns disposed on a peripheral circuit structure and spaced apart from each other, memory structures provided on the horizontal patterns, respectively, each of the memory structures including a three-dimensional arrangement of memory cells. Penetrating insulating patterns and separation structures may isolate the horizontal patterns from one another. Through vias may extend through the penetrating insulating patterns to connect logic circuits of the peripheral circuit structure to the memory structure.

Abstract: Provided is a method of identifying authenticity of oil by reacting oil marked by a Oil Marker Composition with a developer to develop a color and then measuring absorbance. According to the present invention, an oil maker capable of quantitatively and qualitatively measuring authenticity of oil due to a rapid reaction rate, excellent reproducibility, and distinct color development that may be observed by the naked eyes, and a method of identifying oil using the same.

Abstract: Provided is a method of identifying authenticity of oil by reacting oil marked by a Oil Marker Composition with a developer to develop a color and then measuring absorbance. According to the present invention, an oil maker capable of quantitatively and qualitatively measuring authenticity of oil due to a rapid reaction rate, excellent reproducibility, and distinct color development that may be observed by the naked eyes, and a method of identifying oil using the same.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing alkyl butyrate, which comprises: (a) producing a fermented liquid containing butyrate salt through a fermentation process using butyric acid-producing strains; (b) obtaining an extracted liquid containing butyric acid from a continuous extracting apparatus using an extraction solvent, after converting the butyrate salt into butyric acid by adding an inorganic acid except for carbonic acid or carbon dioxide into the fermented liquid, wherein the continuous extracting apparatus includes a plurality of extraction plates which are installed inside an extraction column and perform a reciprocating motion vertically, and the broth and the extraction solvent are supplied to upper and lower portions of the column, respectively; and (c) reacting the extracted liquid and alcohol having a carbon number of 4 or less or a mixture thereof in an esterification reactor to convert a resultant product into alkyl butyrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing alkyl butyrate, which comprises: (a) producing a fermented liquid containing butyrate salt through a fermentation process using butyric acid-producing strains; (b) obtaining an extracted liquid containing butyric acid from a continuous extracting apparatus using an extraction solvent, after converting the butyrate salt into butyric acid by adding an inorganic acid except for carbonic acid or carbon dioxide into the fermented liquid, wherein the continuous extracting apparatus includes a plurality of extraction plates which are installed inside an extraction column and perform a reciprocating motion vertically, and the broth and the extraction solvent are supplied to upper and lower portions of the column, respectively; and (c) reacting the extracted liquid and alcohol having a carbon number of 4 or less or a mixture thereof in an esterification reactor to convert a resultant product into alkyl butyrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flowmeter suitable for a micro flow sensor. The flowmeter of the present invention comprises a resistive heater to be inserted into a fluid, AC power with a first frequency supplied to the resistive heater to periodically heat the resistive heater, a signal processing unit for detecting a first signal from the resistive heater in relation to a temperature variation of the resistive heater by the AC power, and obtaining a phase lag of the first signal relative to the heat generation in the resistive heater, and an operation unit for calculating a flow rate based on the obtained phage lag. According to the present invention, the flowmeter of the present invention has a wide measurement range and high measurement accuracy with a simple structure.

Abstract: A humidifier and quick response steam generator for supplying steam to the humidifier in a humidification system is disclosed. The humidifier has a modified geometry to reduce resistance, and is multi-passage structured to uniformly arrange humidifying nozzles in an air flowing duct so that absorption length can be shortened by improved mixing, thereby enhancing humidification capability and allowing humidifying tubes to change in number. The humidifying tubes can be easily detached from humidifying steam headers for replacement allowing the number of the humidifying tubes to be adjusted according to humidifying capacity, and can be designed as thimble tubes so that pneumatic pressure loss due to installation of the humidifying system can be reduced and steam of very uniform temperature can be supplied to air flow, thereby obtaining an air flow of uniform temperature and humidity.

Abstract: This invention provides a multi-channeled loop heat transfer device with high efficiency fins. In this device, each of the evaporating and condensing sections is fabricated using parallel, multi-channeled flattened tubes. This device has a liquid-pumping capillary wick within each channel of the flattened tubes. The wick is allowed to act as a fluid diode within a heat transport loop only when a minus temperature gradient is maintained in the liquid in the upstream of the boundary layer and in the vapor in the downstream of the boundary layer. In this device, the vapor pipe is separated from the liquid pipe, with the temperature of the vapor pipe always maintained higher than that of the liquid pipe. The liquid is thus allowed to always flow from the condensing section into the liquid pipe due to vapor pressure of the vapor pipe. This device is also automatically restarted without failure when thermal load acts on the device after a complete stop of the device.

Abstract: A humidifier and quick response steam generator for supplying steam to the humidifier in a humidification system is disclosed. The humidifier has a modified geometry to reduce resistance, and is multi-passage structured to uniformly arrange humidifying nozzles in an air flowing duct so that absorption length can be shortened by improved mixing, thereby enhancing humidification capability and allowing humidifying tubes to change in number. The humidifying tubes can be easily detached from humidifying steam headers for replacement allowing the number of the humidifying tubes to be adjusted according to humidifying capacity, and can be designed as thimble tubes so that pneumatic pressure loss due to installation of the humidifying system can be reduced and steam of very uniform temperature can be supplied to air flow, thereby obtaining an air flow of uniform temperature and humidity.

Abstract: A method for and an apparatus for controlling and optimizing a xylene isomer separation and isomerization process, in which near infrared light of a wavelength ranging from 1,100 nm to 2,500 nm is transmitted through samples obtained at different stages of the process from raw materials flowing in the process by use of an analyzer system using optical fibers, thereby simultaneously measuring, in an on-line manner, xylene isomers and aromatic hydrocarbons containing 6 to 9 carbon atoms from those samples. Accordingly, it is possible to monitor the entire operation state of the process within 15 minutes in an on-line manner. Conventionally, 2 to 3 days are taken for the same monitoring.

Abstract: A high efficiency modular OLF heat exchanger with heat transfer enhancement is disclosed. The OLF heat exchanger has an oblique louver fin provided with oblique strips. The oblique louver fin thus effectively forms transverse and longitudinal vortexes in a main gas flow while breaking the boundary layer of the gas flow, thus having an improved heat transferring effect. In the OLF heat exchanger, a plurality of flat tubes are assembled with two opposite header pipes, thus forming a module. The OLF heat exchanger is thus manufactured while easily permitting changes in its size and heat exchanging capacity by assembling a selected number of modules into a single body using a plurality of header pipe sockets. The oblique strips violently mix the gas flow and thereby further improve the heat transferring effect of the louver fin. The oblique louver fin thus has advantages expected from typical louver fins with swirlers and typical offset strip fins with swirlers.

Abstract: A twin-fluid atomizer including upper and lower plates connected to each other by the use of bolts; gas supply pipes each provided to the side of the upper plate; a liquid delivery tube defining an orifice and fixed to the top of the upper plate by the use of a bolt; and a connector body fixed to the lower plate and the outer wall of the orifice of the liquid delivery tube, thus defining an annular gas supply channel. The lower plate has an interchangeable connector stem attachable to the connector body and rotatable via cogs formed on the connector stem. The orifice of the liquid delivery tube and connector forming an annular gas flow passage have outlets with a plane or oblique cross section respectively, and the plane or oblique cross section of each outlet is adjusted and/or rotated to provide a symmetric or asymmetric spray pattern. A bushing interposed between the liquid delivery tube and the upper plate to adjust the length of a protrusion of the liquid delivery tube.