Abstract: Disclosed is an electrical acoustic transducer applied to speakers, earphones, headphones, etc. The electrical acoustic transducer includes a frame having a cone, a voice coil provided on a lower end of the cone, a yoke and a permanent magnet that are provided on a lower end of the frame, a cap provided in the middle of the cone, a vent hole formed in the middle of the cap, and a resonance unit formed as a slot in the center of the yoke. The slot of the resonance unit is opposite to the vent hole. With the electrical acoustic transducer, drastic vibration of the cone is relieved by the resonance unit as well as the vent hole formed in the domed or flat cap, and thus a harsh sound is relieved. After being assembled, each speaker exerts its inherent performance to the maximum extent, so that it is possible to hear a clear and sweet sound.

Abstract: An image processing device and method to select a field to use in interpolation, if an input image is a film image. The image processing device includes a field selector to select a field to use to interpolate a current field based on difference values in field data among first, second, and third fields being consecutively input in an input image, the field to use to interpolate the current image being one of the first and the third fields and the current field being the second field, a film detector to generate a pattern based on the difference values in the field data between the first, second, and third fields and to determine whether the input image is a film image based on the generated pattern, and an interpolator to interpolate the second field using the one of the first and third field selected by the field selector if the film detector determines the input image to be a film image.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided to equalize a histogram using a cumulative distribution function (CDF) of an image. A model parameter estimator estimates parameters from the image using a Gaussian model. An error function storing unit stores error function values based on a Gaussian distribution. A CDF calculator calculates a CDF using one of the error function values from the error function storing unit and the estimated parameters. A histogram equalizer performs histogram equalization using the CDF.

Abstract: A brightness control apparatus comprising a probability density function (PDF) calculator to calculate a PDF based on pixel values of respective pixels of an input image signal, a first setter to set an upper limit value and a lower limit value with respect to the pixel values that are equal to or smaller than a predetermined level in the PDF, and a brightness value controller to calculate a cumulative distribution function for the PDF controlled by the upper and lower limit values set by the first setter, and calculating brightness levels corresponding to the input image signal based on the calculated cumulative distribution function. The brightness control apparatus controls the brightness of an image signal so as to prevent it from becoming unnecessarily bright or dark when compensating the brightness of an image signal, while also preventing degradation of contrast.

Abstract: A film mode detection apparatus and a method thereof can determine whether an input image is a film image by detecting existence/nonexistence of a caption in an input image field and using information of the remaining area of a field except for a caption area. The apparatus includes a caption detection unit to detect minimum values of difference values of information between successive fields from a field area including a caption area and a remaining field area excluding the caption area in an input image, respectively, and to judge whether a caption exists in a present field according to variances of the detected minimum values, a pattern generation unit to generate a pattern of a certain area of the field using the difference values of the information between the successive fields according to whether the caption exists, and a decision unit to determine whether the input image is a film image using the generated pattern.

Abstract: A film mode detection apparatus capable of detecting a bad edit and a method thereof that can detect a bad edit independently of a film pattern. The film mode detection apparatus includes a pattern generation unit to generate a pattern using difference values of information between sequential fields of an input image, a bad edit detection unit to detect extremum values of the difference values of the information between the fields and to judge whether a present field corresponds to a bad edit according to variances of the detected extremum values, and a decision unit to decide whether the input image is a film image using pattern information generated from the pattern generation unit and bad edit detection information from the bad edit detection unit. Accordingly, the apparatus can cope with all kinds of bad edits and thus can prevent an error during the judgment of a film mode.

Abstract: A fabrication method of an LCD includes providing a substrate having a first region and a second region; forming a storage line in the first region and an active pattern in the second region of the substrate; forming a first insulation film on the substrate; forming a gate electrode and a pixel electrode on the substrate; forming a second insulation film on the substrate; and forming a source electrode and a drain electrode, the source electrode connected to a source region via a contact hole and the drain electrode connected to a drain region through the contact hole. The fabrication method may obtain a sufficient storage capacitance with a simplified process. The number of masks used for fabrication of a thin film transistor (TFT) may be reduced.

Abstract: An apparatus for and a method of transforming a scanning format can adaptively select a scanning format transformation method. A motion estimating unit estimates a final motion vector among the motion vectors determined by a full search and predicted motion estimation and determines a first motion estimation type of the final motion vector. A motion analyzing unit and a motion estimation type analyzing unit respectively determine an existence of a global motion and a third motion estimation type from the final motion vector. A motion compensating unit and a temporal-spatial interpolating unit generate a first pixel and a second pixel, respectively. A format transforming unit transforms the scanning format by adaptively selecting one of the first and second pixels on a basis of at least one of the third motion estimation type and the information on the existence of the global motion.

Abstract: In an apparatus and a method to remove jagging artifacts, a calculating unit defines a window of a predetermined size based on a current pixel in an input current frame or field, and calculates at least one eigen value and at least one eigen vector to determine a feature of the window. A weight determining unit determines the feature of the window based on the calculated eigen value and then determines a filtering weight to be applied to filtering based on the determined feature. A low pass filter filters the window based on the calculated eigen vector and the determined filtering weight. Accordingly, it is possible to remove jagging artifacts occurring in a region, such as an edge, upon image conversion.

Abstract: An apparatus to suppress artifacts in an image signal. The apparatus includes a differential value calculation unit to calculate a differential value between adjacent pixels with respect to an input image signal, a diffusion amount calculation unit to calculate an amount of diffusion between the adjacent pixels on the basis of the differential value calculated by the differential value calculation unit, and a pixel value conversion unit to convert the present pixel value of the image signal inputted on the basis of the diffusion amount between the pixels calculated by the diffusion amount calculation unit. The apparatus changes the pixel value in consideration of the differential value between the adjacent pixels, and thus it can provide a high quality image signal without losing or misrecognizing the artifacts of the image signal.

Abstract: Apparatus and Methods are provided for a microfabricated fluorescence activated cell sorter based on an optical switch for rapid, active control of cell routing through a microfluidic channel network. This sorter enables low-stress, highly efficient sorting of populations of small numbers of cells (i.e., 1000-100,000 cells). The invention includes packaging of the microfluidic channel network in a self-contained plastic cartridge that enables microfluidic channel network to macro-scale instrument interconnect, in a sterile, disposable format.

Abstract: A CMOS-TFT array substrate and a method for fabricating the same is disclosed, by a low-mask technology to decrease the usage count of masks, which includes a substrate comprising an active area having a plurality of pixel regions and a driving circuit area for driving the active area, each pixel region having a transmitting part and a reflective part; a first semiconductor layer having first source/drain regions formed in the pixel region; a second semiconductor layer having second source/drain regions formed in the driving circuit area; a gate insulating layer on an entire surface of the substrate including the first and second semiconductor layers; first and second gate electrodes on the gate insulating layer above the first and second semiconductor layers; a storage electrode in the pixel region; an insulating interlayer on the entire surface of the substrate; a transmitting electrode on the insulating interlayer of the transmitting part; a passivation layer on the entire surface of the substrate includin