Abstract: A method of operating a transmission device comprising friction-locking and form-locking shift elements for obtaining different gear ratios. A shift request for engaging a shift element undergoes a time delay dependent upon an operating state prior to a time of engagement of the shift element. A rotational speed differential between halves of the shift element lies within a rotational speed differential window required for the engagement procedure is assigned to the time of engagement. A gradient of the transmission input speed is ascertained at the time of the shift request, and the actual gradient is subsequently monitored and compared with the gradient that existed at the time of the shift request. If an absolute deviation greater than a threshold value is ascertained, the time delay is changed or an actuation of another shift element to be disengaged is varied such that the deviation is reduced below the threshold value.

Abstract: A method of operating a vehicle drive-train with an engine and a transmission during a gearshift in which an interlocking shift element is disengaged and a frictional shift element is engaged. Upon a shift command, the shifting time and a transmission input speed are monitored. If the input speed deviates from a synchronous speed equivalent to the gear ratio being disengaged, recognizing disengagement of the interlocking shifting element. If an engaged operating condition of the interlocking shifting element to be disengaged is detected, after the lapse of a time interval beginning with the shift command, a current drive torque of the drive machine is brought by motor actuation to a level that corresponds to a difference between the current transmission input torque and a torque that can be transmitted by the frictional shifting element to be engaged, operating with slip, plus a torque offset value.

Abstract: A method of operating a transmission (1) with at least one interlocking shift element (F) having at least two shift element halves that can be brought into interlocked engagement with one another. When a command is received to close the interlocking shift element (F), a current rotational speed difference between the shift element halves of the interlocking shift element (F) and the current positions of the shift element halves are determined. If the rotational speed difference is smaller than a first speed difference threshold value and if a tooth-on-tooth position has occurred at the interlocking shift element (F), then to release the tooth-on-tooth position, the actuation force is changed to a release level at which a rotational speed difference above a second speed difference threshold value is produced between the shift element halves.

Abstract: A method of operating a transmission of a vehicle drive train with at least one drive machine. The transmission is formed with at least one interlocking shift element and a plurality of frictional shift elements in order to obtain various gear ratios. During an engaging process of the interlocking shift element, starting from a disengaged operating condition, in which halves of the interlocking shift element are out of engagement, to an engaged operating condition, in which the shift element halves are interlocked in a rotationally fixed manner, when interlock between the shift element halves is obstructed, a rotational speed difference is produced at least temporarily between the shift element halves, at which the interlock in the area of the interlocking shift element can be engaged. To produce the speed difference between the shift element halves, the transmission capacity of at least one frictional shift element is increased.

Abstract: A method is described for the operation of a transmission device (1) with a plurality of frictional shift elements (A, D, E, F) and at least one interlocking shift element (B, C) for obtaining various gear ratios. When a command is received for a gearshift during which the interlocking shift element (C) has to be changed from an open to a closed operating condition, the interlocking shift element (C) is at least approximately synchronized by increasing the transmission capacity of at least one frictional shift element (A) which does not have to be engaged in the force flow either to obtain the gear ratio that is to be disengaged or to obtain the gear ratio that is to be engaged.

Abstract: A method for operating a vehicle drivetrain (1) having a drive motor (9), a transmission (10) and a drive output (2). When a gear ratio change is called for in the transmission (10), between an actually engaged gear and a target gear, one of a frictional or an interlock-type shift element is engaged in a flow of force in the vehicle drivetrain (1) and the other of an interlock-type or a frictional shift element is disengaged from the flow of force in the vehicle drivetrain (1). An actual speed that is at least equivalent to a transmission input speed is monitored and an actuation pressure of the frictional shift element involved in the shift operation and/or a torque of the drive motor (9) is/are varied to change the actual speed to a nominal speed.

Abstract: A transmission device (10) having at least one form-fitting shifting element (12) which is hydraulically actuated via a hydraulic system (11) with hydraulic pressure (p—12), in the area of a piston chamber, via a feed line (20) that conveys hydraulic fluid, to shift from a disengaged to and engaged operating state. A non-return valve device (27) is arranged upstream of the form-fit shifting element (12).

Abstract: A transmission apparatus (10) having at least one form-lock shifting element (12) that can be actuated by a hydraulic system (11) which, in the region of a piston chamber, can be subjected to hydraulic pressure (p—12) via a hydraulic fluid-conducting feed line (20) and which can be actuated from a disengaged to an engaged operating state. The hydraulic fluid-conducting feed line (20) of the shifting element (12) is effectively connected to a damping device (22) by which pressure fluctuations, of the hydraulic pressure (p—12) in the feed line (20), can be at least partially compensated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light source comprising at least one p-n-junction which is formed by the arrangement of two suitable semi-conductor materials for the induced emission of light. Said light source is embodied and improved in such a manner that at least one of the semi-conductor materials is in the form of particles, such that a particularly large amount of light can be produced. The invention further relates to a method for producing said type of light source.

Abstract: A light source with a heatable filament (1), wherein the filament (1) is arranged in a bulb (2), and wherein the bulb (2) contains a gas or a gas mixture, which is suited for providing a transfer function for returning again back to and/or into the filament at least one chemical element that has been released by the filament (1). The gas or the gas mixture contains an enrichment of oxygen and/or an oxygen-containing compound. Furthermore, a method is disclosed for providing a transfer function for a chemical element in a light source.

Abstract: A light source with a heatable filament (1) or an electrode, with the filament or the electrode being arranged in a bulb (2) or in a tube, is provided with an improved service life by the provision of a depot (3) with at least one chemical element that is also present in the filament or the electrode, and which is associated with the filament or the electrode such that the element is supplied to the filament or the electrode. Furthermore, a method is described for regenerating a light source with a heatable filament (1) or an electrode, with the filament or the electrode being arranged in a bulb (2) or in a tube. By the method, the depot (3) is associated in a first step to the filament or the electrode, with the depot comprising at least one chemical element that is also present in the filament or the electrode. Finally, the element is supplied to the filament or the electrode.

Abstract: A light source having a heatable filament 1 or an electrode, with the filament 1 or electrode being arranged in a bulb or tube 2. The bulb or tube 2 comprises an inner surface 3 and an outer surface 4, and to extend the service life of the light source, an agent 7 is arranged in the bulb or tube for removing contaminants and/or deposits 8 from the inner surface 3.

Abstract: A method of producing a dielectric multilayer mirror coating is characterized with a view to increasing the coefficient of reflection by the following steps: to begin with, at least two dielectric layers of predetermined initial thicknesses are produced. Subsequently, the layers are arranged one above the other for forming a layered stack. Finally, the thickness of the stack of layers and thus the thicknesses of the individual layers are reduced by deforming the layered stack while maintaining the thickness ratio or ratios of the layers relative to one another.

Abstract: A light source, in particular incandescent lamp, with a bulb (1), a filament (2) arranged in the bulb (1), and a heating device (3) for the filament (2), the filament (2) emitting both visible light and heat radiation, is designed and constructed with respect to a high conversion efficiency between an electrical power input and emitted light output such that the filament (2) includes a flat section (4). A light source of this type may be produced by a method, wherein initially a filament (2) of a sintered metal powder is provided. Subsequently, the filament (2) is exposed to an atmosphere of carbon dioxide or of carbon dioxide and inert gas for forming a metal carbide. Finally, the filament (2) is sealed into the bulb (1).

Abstract: A light source with a heatable filament (1) or an electrode, with the filament or the electrode being arranged in a bulb (2) or in a tube, is provided with an improved service life by the provision of a depot (3) with at least one chemical element that is also present in the filament or the electrode, and which is associated with the filament or the electrode such that the element is supplied to the filament or the electrode. Furthermore, a method is described for regenerating a light source with a heatable filament (1) or an electrode, with the filament or the electrode being arranged in a bulb (2) or in a tube. By the method, the depot (3) is associated in a first step to the filament or the electrode, with the depot comprising at least one chemical element that is also present in the filament or the electrode. Finally, the element is supplied to the filament or the electrode.

Abstract: A method for maintaining and/or qualitatively improving a communication path in a relay system, in particular in a radio network, wherein information is transmissible between two devices (A0, An) via one or more additional devices (A1, . . . An−1) along a thus-formed communication path, and wherein at least one leg of the communication path can be replaced with a substitution path as a function of at least one predeterminable parameter, or be used at least at times simultaneously with a substitution path. The method permits maintaining a link quality at a high level, even when transmission conditions vary in the course of time.

Abstract: A light source, in particular incandescent lamp, with a bulb (1), and filament (2) arranged in the bulb (1), and a heating device (3) for the filament (2), the filament (2) emitting both visible light and heat radiation, is designed and constructed with respect to a high conversion efficiency between electric power and visible light output such that the heating device (3) includes a heating element (4) for the indirect heating of the filament (2).

Abstract: A method of establishing a radio link between subscribers of a telecommunications network, in particular in a decentralized mobile radio network with mobile radio sets serving both as terminals and as transmitters, wherein at least one virtual transmitter for switching the radio signals can be defined for each subscriber, and wherein one or more subscribers can assume the work of the virtual transmitter or transmitters, and a telecommunications network, in particular a decentralized mobile radio network with mobile radio sets serving both as terminals and as transmitters, and in particular for carrying out the method, wherein at least one virtual transmitter for switching the radio signals can be defined for each subscriber, and wherein the work of the virtual transmitter or transmitters can be assumed by one or more subscribers.

Abstract: A method of creating an address directory from address data of subscribers in a telecommunications network, wherein the address data comprise a subscriber identification and a position identification allocated to the subscriber, is characterized with respect to a simple creation of the address directory, in that during a payment procedure of charges for the use of the telecommunications network, address data of the subscriber are transmitted at least in part to a data acquisition station.

Abstract: A device and a method for detecting flying objects in a predeterminable spatial area with a detector responding to the flying object for detecting the flying object are configured with respect to a reliable and largely discreet detection of the flying objects in such a manner that at least three detectors coupled in the way of a network are distributed in the spatial area, and that the detectors operate in a passive manner.