Abstract: According to the invention, in order to suppress a latch-up, the supply voltage is switched off following the detection of a latch-up, charge located in the circuit is reduced with the air of a short-circuiting switch, and the detection of a low voltage is temporarily canceled when the supply voltage is gradually increased again. A protective circuit is assigned to an electronic circuit in order to protect the radiation-sensitive components thereof, the electronic circuit being subdivided into groups of active circuit components accepting a similar amount of current in a predefined area and a protective circuit being assigned to at least one of the groups of active circuit components accepting approximately the same amount of current in a predefined area. In order to prevent the output current from influencing the output voltage, a current-detecting unit is mounted upstream of a voltage-regulating unit.

Abstract: According to the invention, in order to suppress a latch-up, the supply voltage is switched off following the detection of a latch-up, charge located in the circuit is reduced with the air of a short-circuiting switch, and the detection of a low voltage is temporarily canceled when the supply voltage is gradually increased again. A protective circuit is assigned to an electronic circuit in order to protect the radiation-sensitive components thereof, the electronic circuit being subdivided into groups of active circuit components accepting a similar amount of current in a predefined area and a protective circuit being assigned to at least one of the groups of active circuit components accepting approximately the same amount of current in a predefined area. In order to prevent the output current from influencing the output voltage, a current-detecting unit is mounted upstream of a voltage-regulating unit.

Abstract: A force-torque sensor is provided for measuring all six possible force and orque components in the Cartesian coordinate system by means of wire strain gauges. The sensor has two identically designed integral spoke wheels each consisting of a rigid cylindrical outer ring and a central hub interconnected by four spokes. Proximate to the hubs of the two spoke wheels, such hubs being rigidly and solidly connected with each other, wire strain gauges are mounted in pairs on opposed spoke surfaces perpendicular to the central axis, as well as on the opposed surfaces of one diagonal pair of spokes of one of the two spoke wheels, the latter surfaces extending perpendicular to the former.