Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for managing interference are presented. The interference may be between i) a fixed wireless link, FL, formed by a first FL node and a second FL node which communicate at a frequency f1 and ii) a radio access network, RAN, node. The method may comprise the first FL node monitoring radio link quality, QL, of fixed wireless link signals at f1. The first FL node may determine whether QL is worse than a predetermined QL threshold. If QL is worse than the predetermined QL threshold, the first FL node may measure, during a silent period, how much one or more signals transmitted from the RAN node 108 interferes with the first FL node at the f1. The first FL node may transmit, to an interference mitigation controller, interference measurement information which indicates how much the RAN node interferes with the first FL node at f1.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for managing interference are presented. The interference may be between i) a fixed wireless link, FL, formed by a first FL node and a second FL node which communicate at a frequency f1 and ii) a radio access network, RAN, node. The method may comprise the first FL node monitoring radio link quality, QL, of fixed wireless link signals at f1. The first FL node may determine whether QL is worse than a predetermined QL threshold. If QL is worse than the predetermined QL threshold, the first FL node may measure, during a silent period, how much one or more signals transmitted from the RAN node 108 interferes with the first FL node at the f1. The first FL node may transmit, to an interference mitigation controller, interference measurement information which indicates how much the RAN node interferes with the first FL node at f1.

Abstract: Methods and arrangements for use in a respective node and mobile terminal in a first system associated with a first frequency band for radio communication, for supporting avoiding or reducing interference in a second frequency band associated with a second system, which second frequency band is adjacent to the first frequency band. The method for use in the node comprises detecting activity of the second system in the second frequency band and adjusting the bandwidth used by the node for communication, based on characteristics of the detected current activity of the second system in the second frequency band, such that interference to the second frequency band, from radio communication associated with the node, is adapted to the second system activity in said second frequency band. The method further comprises providing information of said adjustment to at least one mobile terminal. Further, information of said adjustment could be provided to neighboring nodes.

Abstract: Methods and nodes for balancing load on channels available for secondary usage by a secondary network (404). A channel handling node (400) determines channel quality metric values for the available channels, which indicate expected utility when the channels are used for radio communication. The channel handling node then adjusts the channel quality metric value of a superior channel with higher expected utility than the other available channels, to indicate equal or lower expected utility than a channel with the next highest expected utility, when the amount of channel queries (Q) from the secondary network exceeds a limit. The channel handling node then returns the adjusted channel quality metric value of the at least one superior channel, in response to a subsequent channel query (Q).

Abstract: A spectrum control node (220) and a method therein for handling spectrum bands for allocation to a mobile radio communication system (200) are disclosed. The spectrum bands are shareable with a further radio system (201) through a spectrum database node (210) for managing information about usage of the spectrum bands. The mobile radio communication system (200) comprises the spectrum control node (220) and a radio network node (230). The spectrum control node (220) determines a parameter value for indicating a condition pertaining to the radio network node (230), which condition relates to usage of at least one of the spectrum bands. When the parameter value exceeds a threshold value for the condition, whereby a need for handling at least one of the spectrum bands is indicated, the spectrum control node (220) sends, to the spectrum database node (210), a message for handling at least one of the spectrum bands.

Abstract: Methods and nodes for balancing load on channels available for secondary usage by a secondary network (404). A channel handling node (400) determines channel quality metric values for the available channels, which indicate expected utility when the channels are used for radio communication. The channel handling node then adjusts the channel quality metric value of a superior channel with higher expected utility than the other available channels, to indicate equal or lower expected utility than a channel with the next highest expected utility, when the amount of channel queries (Q) from the secondary network exceeds a limit. The channel handling node then returns the adjusted channel quality metric value of the at least one superior channel, in response to a subsequent channel query (Q).

Abstract: A node (105, 200) for a communications system (100), arranged to operate as a secondary user of part of a frequency spectrum, comprising a detection unit (210) for detecting other secondary users (110) who use all or part of said frequency spectrum and for detecting changes in such other secondary user's usage of their part of the frequency spectrum. The node (105, 200) also comprises a signaling unit (225) for signaling to detected other secondary users (110) that the node (105, 200) wishes to operate within their frequency spectrum as a secondary user, by means of transmitting interference signals according to a predefined pattern in the frequency spectrum of detected other secondary users. The node also comprises a decision unit (230) for deciding how the node (105, 200) should arrange its secondary operation in the frequency spectrum together with detected other secondary users (110).

Abstract: Methods and arrangements for use in a respective node and mobile terminal in a first system associated with a first frequency band for radio communication, for supporting avoiding or reducing interference in a second frequency band associated with a second system, which second frequency band is adjacent to the first frequency band. The method for use in the node comprises detecting activity of the second system in the second frequency band and adjusting the bandwidth used by the node for communication, based on characteristics of the detected current activity of the second system in the second frequency band, such that interference to the second frequency band, from radio communication associated with the node, is adapted to the second system activity in said second frequency band. The method further comprises providing information of said adjustment to at least one mobile terminal. Further, information of said adjustment could be provided to neighboring nodes.

Abstract: Method and arrangement for use in a node in a first system associated with a first frequency band for radio communication, for avoiding or reducing interference in a second frequency band associated with a second system, which second frequency band is adjacent to the first frequency band. The method comprises detecting activity of the second system in the second frequency band and determining characteristics of the second system current activity in the second frequency band. The method further comprises adjusting at least one parameter related to radio communication, based on said characteristics, such that interference to the second frequency band, from radio communication associated with the node, is adapted to the second system activity in said second frequency band.

Abstract: A node (105, 200) for a communications system (100), arranged to operate as a secondary user of part of a frequency spectrum, comprising a detection unit (210) for detecting other secondary users (110) who use all or part of said frequency spectrum and for detecting changes in such other secondary user's usage of their part of the frequency spectrum. The node (105, 200) also comprises a signaling unit (225) for signaling to detected other secondary users (110) that the node (105, 200) wishes to operate within their frequency spectrum as a secondary user, by means of transmitting interference signals according to a predefined pattern in the frequency spectrum of detected other secondary users. The node also comprises a decision unit (230) for deciding how the node (105, 200) should arrange its secondary operation in the frequency spectrum together with detected other secondary users (110).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a papermakers felt including a support structure with an upper and a lower side and functional batt layers, wherein at least one of the functional batt layers is needled to the upper side and at least one functional batt layer is needled to the lower side of the support structure. The present invention is characterized in that the support structure includes a base layer and two coarse batt layers, the coarse batt layers mainly including coarse fibers of approximately 67 dtex or more, the two coarse batt layers being disposed on opposite sides of the base layer to provide the upper side and the lower side of the support structure and coarse fibers of each of the two coarse batt layers being embedded in the base layer.

Abstract: A device for protecting a needle in medical equipment includes a rigid front part connected to a flexible rear part. The front and rear parts surround the needle circumferentially. A locking mechanism is accommodated in a chamber provided in the front part. In a position of preparedness, the locking mechanism allows the needle to pass through a hole or in the front part. In an activated position, it presents the needle from passing through. In the position of preparedness, the parts are spaced from the tip of the needle. The locking mechanism is a resilient member which in the position of preparedness is maintained under tension, exerting a force substantially at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the needle, so that the tip of the needle, in the position of preparedness, is supported by the hole or the channel.