Abstract: A reaction vessel which includes internally placed temperature controlling mixing baffles in which liquid is boiled, resulting in an isothermal heat sink. The energy of vaporization is supplied by the reaction vessel contents. The vapor produced by the boiling may be directed to channel coils which surround the outside of the reaction vessel wall. The channel coils contact the outside wall of the reaction vessel perpendicularly, and provide mechanical support for the reaction vessel. The mechanical support from the channel coils allows for a decrease in the thickness of the reaction vessel wall and corresponding increased heat transfer efficiency between the channel coil contents and the reaction vessel contents. The entire above described apparatus is enclosed within an evacuated shell to provide additional insulation.

Abstract: A reaction vessel which includes internally placed temperature controlling mixing baffles in which liquid is boiled, resulting in an isothermal heat sink. The energy of vaporization is supplied by the reaction vessel contents. The vapor produced by the boiling may be directed to channel coils which surround the outside of the reaction vessel wall. The channel coils contact the outside wall of the reaction vessel perpendicularly, and provide mechanical support for the reaction vessel. The mechanical support from the channel coils allows for a decrease in the thickness of the reaction vessel wall and corresponding increased heat transfer efficiency between the channel coil contents and the reaction vessel contents. The entire above described apparatus is enclosed within an evacuated shell to provide additional insulation.

Abstract: A reaction vessel which includes internally placed temperature controlling mixing baffles in which liquid is boiled, resulting in an isothermal heat sink. The energy of vaporization is supplied by the reaction vessel contents. The vapor produced by the boiling is directed to channel coils which surround the outside of the reaction vessel wall. The channel coils contact the outside wall of the reaction vessel perpendicularly, and provide mechanical support for the reaction vessel. The mechanical support from the channel coils allows for a decrease in the thickness of the reaction vessel wall and corresponding increased heat transfer efficiency between the channel coil contents and the reaction vessel contents. The entire above described apparatus is enclosed within an evacuated shell to provide additional insulation.

Abstract: Particulate-containing hot flue gas flows are flowed into a boiler having a first and a second chamber. The first chamber has a gas side and a water side. The hot flue gas flows into the gas side of the first chamber which is in heat exchange relation with the water side. Steam is generated on the water side and transported to a power generator. Steam or another inert gas is periodically injected into the gas side of the first chamber for removing particulate fouling when the heat exchange relation for the gas side falls below a predetermined minimum level. Cooled flue gas leaving the gas side of the boiler is conducted to a purification chamber having spray nozzles thereby allowing large particulate to settle out of the flue gas and removing fine particulate entrained in the flue gas enabling purified flue gas to be released from an upper portion of the second chamber.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for extinguishing fires consuming combustible fluids, particularly gaseous fluids, issuing from wells, pipes or vent stacks. The apparatus comprises an extinguisher body typically having a cylindrical passageway which is connected in inline flow relationship with the well, pipe or vent stack and through which the flow of combustible fluid must pass. A diffuser cone is mounted within the extinguisher body passageway in coaxial alignment, the apex of the cone directed towards the outlet of the extinguisher body. An extinguisher fluid nozzle is mounted within the extinguisher body passageway for directing a flow of high momentum inert gas against the apex of the conical diffuser. High momentum inert gas is supplied to the nozzle when it is required to extinguish a fire consuming the combustible fluid passing through the extinguisher body and out of the well, pipe or vent stack.