Abstract: In a method for operating a urea dosing system in an exhaust aftertreatment system (EATS) of an engine, an ambient temperature is measured in an environment in which the EATS is disposed, one or more temperatures associated with the EATS to which there is a relationship to a temperature of area in the urea dosing system are monitored. After turning off the engine, whether urea in the urea dosing system is subject to freezing is determined based on the measured ambient temperature and the one or more monitored temperatures. A reversion operation is performed after turning off the engine with a delay until one or more events occur, the one or more events including determining that urea in the urea dosing system is subject to freezing. An engine system is also provided.

Abstract: In a method for operating a urea dosing system in an exhaust aftertreatment system (EATS) of an engine, an ambient temperature is measured in an environment in which the EATS is disposed, one or more temperatures associated with the EATS to which there is a relationship to a temperature of area in the urea dosing system are monitored. After turning off the engine, whether urea in the urea dosing system is subject to freezing is determined based on the measured ambient temperature and the one or more monitored temperatures. A reversion operation is performed after turning off the engine with a delay until one or more events occur, the one or more events including determining that urea in the urea dosing system is subject to freezing. An engine system is also provided.

Abstract: Methods for identifying a compound that alters fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) of a protein. The methods include use of a genetically engineered cell that includes a target protein. The target protein includes one or more heterologous domains. In one embodiment, a target protein includes two heterologous domains, and in another embodiment, the target protein includes a heterologous domain and the cell further includes a second protein that includes a heterologous domain. A heterologous domain may include a chromophore or an amino acid to which a fluorescent dye attaches. The fluorescence lifetime of one or more chromophore, one or more fluorescent dye, or the combination thereof, is measured after contacting the cell with a compound A difference between the fluorescence lifetime in the presence of the test compound and the fluorescence lifetime in the absence of the test compound indicates that the test compound alters the FRET of the target protein.

Abstract: Methods for identifying a compound that alters fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) of a protein. The methods include use of a genetically engineered cell that includes a target protein. The target protein includes one or more heterologous domains. In one embodiment, a target protein includes two heterologous domains, and in another embodiment, the target protein includes a heterologous domain and the cell further includes a second protein that includes a heterologous domain. A heterologous domain may include a chromophore or an amino acid to which a fluorescent dye attaches. The fluorescence lifetime of one or more chromophore, one or more fluorescent dye, or the combination thereof, is measured after contacting the cell with a compound A difference between the fluorescence lifetime in the presence of the test compound and the fluorescence lifetime in the absence of the test compound indicates that the test compound alters the FRET of the target protein.

Abstract: A capsulotomy device for use in an eye having a capsular bag, comprising a conductive, primary coil capable of generating magnetic field lines and a conductive, secondary coil configured to permit insertion through an incision having a diameter of 3 mm or less, and placement on the capsular bag. When the magnetic field lines are projected through the secondary coil, a current is generated within the secondary coil.

Abstract: A capsulotomy device for use in an eye having a capsular bag, comprising a conductive, primary coil capable of generating magnetic field lines and a conductive, secondary coil configured to permit insertion through an incision having a diameter of 3 mm or less, and placement on the capsular bag. When the magnetic field lines are projected through the secondary coil, a current is generated within the secondary coil.

Abstract: An airfoil assembly is described comprising an airfoil, a band coupled to the airfoil for providing at least a portion of support for the airfoil in the airfoil assembly and a slot capable reducing stress in the airfoil wherein the slot is located in the band near a portion of the airfoil. A compression system is described comprising a stator assembly comprising a plurality of arcuate vane sectors arranged circumferentially around a longitudinal axis, each vane sector comprising an airfoil, an arcuate inner band and an arcuate outer band coupled to the airfoil, and a slot capable of reducing stress in the airfoil, the slot being located in the vane sector near a portion of the airfoil.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an airfoil assembly is described, the method comprising the steps of supplying an airfoil and a band, creating a support aperture in the band capable of receiving a portion of the airfoil, creating a slot in the band for reducing stress in the airfoil, and bonding the airfoil with the band.

Abstract: An airfoil assembly is described comprising an airfoil, a band coupled to the airfoil for providing at least a portion of support for the airfoil in the airfoil assembly and a slot capable reducing stress in the airfoil wherein the slot is located in the band near a portion of the airfoil. A compression system is described comprising a stator assembly comprising a plurality of arcuate vane sectors arranged circumferentially around a longitudinal axis, each vane sector comprising an airfoil, an arcuate inner band and an arcuate outer band coupled to the airfoil, and a slot capable of reducing stress in the airfoil, the slot being located in the vane sector near a portion of the airfoil.