Abstract: A power absorbing dynamometer includes a stator having an inside stator surface and a rotor having an inside rotor surface. The rotor is rotatable by a mechanical power source. The inside rotor and stator surfaces generally face and oppose each other. Together, the rotor and stator define a passage bounded substantially by the inside surfaces thereof. The passage preferably is a torus-shaped passage within the dynamometer. Liquid is introduced into the passage via a port of the dynamometer. The dynamometer also includes means for developing and maintaining within the passage a unique liquid flow which is a substantially helical recirculating flow of the liquid on the inside rotor and stator surfaces as the rotor is rotated by the mechanical power source. The liquid is thereby heated or vaporized as the rotor is rotated by the mechanical power source, and power absorbed from the mechanical power source is related to a rate at which the liquid is heated or vaporized.

Abstract: A system for providing a cold environment which has a number of cooling stages with variable displacement volumes into which input fluid from a compressor flows in an input channel to and from the displacement volumes and output fluid flows in an output channel to the compressor. Volume changers vary the volumes of the displacement volumes and input fluid flowing to a first set of displacement volumes is pre-cooled by regenerative heat exchange and counterflow heat exchange and input fluid flowing to the final displacement volume is pre-cooled primarily by counterflow heat exchange. The volume changer at at least one of the stages is thermally decoupled from the input and output channels.

Abstract: A hardened load carrying device includes a unitarily constructed container for holding the load. The container has an opening which is partially bordered by a slot that includes opposed crooked thumbs which project into the channel of the slot. A door for covering the opening of the container has a pair of opposed crooked fingers which are attached along part of the edge of the door to establish a bite. To enclose the load in the container the bite of the door is slidingly received into the slot bordering the opening to cover the opening and engage the crooked fingers of the door with the crooked thumbs of the slot. In an alternate embodiment the crooked thumbs of the slot are replaced by opposed lips which extend inwardly to establish a T-shaped slot, and the crooked fingers and the door are replaced by a flange which is slidingly received into the T-shaped slot. Any joints which are established between panels of the container are reinforced using a double thickness of material.

Abstract: A lawn mower blade includes support flanges projecting orthogonally relative to the first and second ends of the lawn mower blade arranged to mount blade inserts below each support flange, wherein each blade insert is arranged to project beyond a side wall spaced from the support flange.

Abstract: A exhaust valve for use in a cryogenic gas expansion system which uses a non-metallic valve seat and a metallic valve disk assembly which is moved into and out of contact with the valve seat to close and open the valve, respectively. The valve disk assembly has a valve disk element, a number of spring elements, and a ring element, all of which are integrally formed from a single metallic sheet. The valve disk element moves with a non-linear, snap action movement which movement is controlled by a cryogenic solenoid. When the disk element is moved out of seated contact with the valve seat and reaches a position just past the point at which the snap action has commenced, the movement is limited by a stop element so that the force, and hence the solenoid current, required to hold the valve open at that position is minimized.

Abstract: A synchronous optical transmission system for interfacing SONET formatted channels to lower speed channels in either a SONET format or otherwise. The transmission system incorporates a fiber transmission system, terminal multiplexers and add/drop multiplexers that in turn incorporate a plurality of features, such as parallel scrambling circuitry, frame synchronization circuitry and the like.

Abstract: A technique for producing a cold environment wherein warm fluid, e.g. at room temperature, from a compressor, is introduced under pressure into an input channel which is directly coupled to a displacement volume, the fluid being precooled in the input channel to a temperature lower than that of the input fluid. Fluid in the inner channel at or near the displacement volume is periodically pressurized to a high pressure. The displacement volume is then expanded so that the high pressure fluid flowing into the expanded volume is decreased from such high pressure to a substantially lower pressure, the temperature thereof being reduced to a substantially lower temperature for producing the cold environment. The low pressure, low temperature fluid flows into an output channel, preferably via a suitable valve and surge volume, for flow in the output channel at a substantially constant pressure.

Abstract: An electromagnetic projectile launching system is provided with a rail configuration in the breech area which increases the electromagnetic field to increase armature acceleration and initiate sliding current transfer at a lower current. Two configurations are disclosed. The first comprises multiple rails disposed parallel to the launcher barrel rails in tne breech region and connected in series such that current in the multiple rails flows in the same direction as current in the closest barrel rail. Connecting shunts are disposed in equal numbers on opposite sides of the barrel rails to balance electromagnetic forces. The second configuration comprises nonparallel barrel rails containing a bend in the breech region.

Abstract: An electromagnetic projectile launching system is provided with an automatic plasma armature formation device. An arc created when a conductive armature breaks contact with a pair of conductive rails is commutated through an aperture in one of the rails to a second pair of conductive rails where the arc is used as a plasma driving armature to propel a projectile.

Abstract: A rotating electric machine in which the armature winding thereof and other parts are supported by a liquid to withstand the mechanical stresses applied during transient overloads and the like. In particular, a narrow gap is provided between the armature winding and the stator which supports it and this gap is filled with an externally pressurized viscous liquid. The liquid is externally pressurized sufficiently to balance the static loads on the armature winding. Transient mechanical loads which deform the armature winding alter the gap dimensions and thereby additionally pressurize the viscous liquid to oppose the armature winding deformation and more nearly uniformly to distribute the resulting mechanical stresses.

Abstract: A rotor is provided for an alternating current generator having a superconducting field winding. The rotor consists of a cylindrical outer member and a cylindrical inner member disposed coaxially inside the outer me mber. The inner rotor member carries a superconducting field winding and is cooled to maintain the winding temperature at superconducting temperatures during operation. The inner rotor member is rigidly attached at one end to the outer member and at the other end, which is the drive end, a connection is provided between the inner and outer members which has sufficient axial flexibility to allow large differential thermal expansion and contraction of the inner member, and which has sufficient torsional stiffness to transmit driving torque between the members. The flexible connection is preferably a laminated structure made up of thin slotted laminations having elements extending radially between the two rotor members and a driving connection to the inner member.

Abstract: To adjust for color purity for a cathode ray tube, an auxiliary magnetic field magnetizes metallic components including the metal shadowmask. A remanent magnetic field is created upon removal of the auxiliary field and is used as an aid in purity adjustment. The cathode ray tube is operated to generate a color pattern on the screen and then purity is adjusted to produce a color pattern indicative of correct color purity.

Abstract: A magnetizing apparatus for use in the static convergence of three in-line electron beams within a color television receiver cathode ray tube comprises two pluralities of windings. Each plurality is suitably arranged for positioning about a neck portion of the cathode ray tube in proximity to a magnetic material located adjacent to the neck. The windings are adapted to receive a magnetizing current for creating permanently magnetized regions within the magnetic material for producing a magnetic field within the cathode ray tube. The first plurality provides for like motion of the outer electron beams for which a first multiplicity of windings provides for like motion in a first direction and a second multiplicity provides for like motion in a direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube of a color television receiver includes a magnetic material located adjacent to a neck portion. A magnetizing apparatus is used for establishing the color purity of three in-line electron beams within the cathode ray tube. The magnetizing apparatus comprises at least two elongated conductor loops arranged for positioning about the neck in proximity to the magnetic material and capable of being energized by a magnetizing current for creating permanently magnetized regions within the material. The magnetized regions produce a color purity magnetic field within the cathode ray tube for establishing the color purity of the three in-line electron beams. An elongated portion of each of the conductor loops follows along a portion of the periphery of the neck.

Abstract: A magnetic material to be located adjacent a neck portion of a cathode ray tube includes magnetized regions for producing an electron beam moving magnetic field for moving at least one electron beam within the cathode ray tube in a predetermined manner. A method for creating these magnetized regions comprises the steps of developing an appropriate magnetizing field that will magnetize magnetic domains within the magnetic material for creating the magnetized regions, and eliminating from the electron beam moving magnetic field a component contributed by relatively easily demagnetizable magnetic domains within the magnetized regions. The magnetized regions are thereby stabilized against the occurrence of significant changes in the values of the electron beam moving magnetic field.

Abstract: A rotating electric machine having an armature winding wound in the form of a toroid. The toroidal winding consists of a plurality of sectors which are wound in alternating sense and are disposed circumferentially around a rotor. The sectors are interconnected around the torus to form a substantially continuous circumferential voltage gradient which is approximately sinusoidal in the circumferential direction.

Abstract: A superconducting machine having a wound damper-shield winding disposed in the cold region of the machine and having electrical leads to a warm region. Electric current control means at the warm region is connected to the leads and acts to pass current in a predetermined pattern as a function of voltages that appear across the leads as a consequence of transients in the machine.