Abstract: A separator for a gas production facility includes a vessel defining an interior chamber. The vessel is designed to operate at a pressure greater than a pressure of a fluid being produced from a wellbore, the fluid including liquid, gas, sand and debris. The separator includes an inlet through which the fluid being produced from the wellbore is directed into the vessel, an electronically controlled valve in fluid communication with a lower portion of the vessel, and an outlet through which the gas is directed out of the vessel at a pressure substantially equal to the pressure of the fluid being produced from the wellbore. The separator includes a controller programmed to open, close, or modulate the electronically controlled valve to regulate flow of the liquid, sand and debris out of the lower portion of the vessel in response to a level of the liquid detected within the interior chamber.

Abstract: Electrotransport drug delivery devices, systems and methods for delivery of lofentanil or carfentanil are disclosed. The lofentanil or carfentanil may be provided as a water soluble salt (e.g., lofentanil or carfentanil hydrochloride), such as in a hydrogel formulation. A transdermal, electrotransport delivered dose of lofentanil or carfentanil is provided which is sufficient to induce analgesia in (e.g., adult) human patients suffering from chronic, acute and/or breakthrough pain.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and devices for the electrotransport delivery of beneficial agents that utilize polymer electrolyte matrices as drug reservoirs. In certain aspects of the invention, the beneficial agents are hydrolytically unstable, and methods are provided for enhancing the stability of the hydrolytically unstable beneficial agents during long-term storage of devices for the electrotransport delivery of the hydrolytically unstable beneficial agents and during electrotransport delivery of the hydrolytically unstable beneficial agents.

Abstract: A cathode for an electrotransport drug delivery system for the delivery of anionic drugs. The cathode has a composite structure that contains an electroactive species that upon reduction does not generate any gas or an anion that competes with the anionic drug during electrotransport.

Abstract: A reservoir and a family of reservoirs are provided which are designed to be used with a single controller to provide a wide range of therapeutic drug delivering regimens while maintaining many of the same reservoir configurations and drug formulations. A method of making a reservoir and a family of reservoirs and incorporating them into an electrotransport system is disclosed.

Abstract: An electrotransport device for delivering one or more therapeutic agents through the skin includes electrodes for contacting the skin, at least one electrode containing the agent, a power source for generating electrical current (IL) for delivering the agent, a current generating and controlling means and a disabling means for permanently and irreversibly disabling the current. The disabling means may include a timer means, a counter means, or a body parameter sensor and limit comparator to effect permanent disabling. The disabling means may be a permanent transition to a disabled logic state, a permanent discharge of a power supply source, or a permanent diversion of electrotransport current from the electrodes, or a combination of the above.

Abstract: A system and method for transdermally delivering a biologically active agent comprising one or more electrodes having stratum corneum-piercing projections and a circuit that delivers an electrical signal to the electrodes to electroporate a cell membrane. Preferably, the system is configured to generate homogeneous electrical fields and, more preferably, to generate spherically or semispherically symmetrical electric fields. Methods of the invention include applying a first electric signal to facilitate transdermal transport of the agent and applying a second electric signal to facilitate intracellular transport of the agent.

Abstract: A reservoir and a family of reservoirs are provided which are designed to be used with a single controller to provide a wide range of therapeutic drug delivering regimens while maintaining many of the same reservoir configurations and drug formulations. A method of making a reservoir and a family of reservoirs and incorporating them into an electrotransport system is disclosed.

Abstract: A device for transdermally delivering an anticoagulant agent by electrotransport. Preferably, the anticoagulant comprises a benzamidine or a naphthamidine derivative. A particularly preferred benzamidine derivative is a 2-[3-[4-(4-piperidinyloxy)anilino]-1-propenyl]benzamidine derivative. The devices are configured to maintain a plasma concentration of 20-80 ng/mL or providing a flux in the range of approximately 20-40 mg/day. Suitable current densities include 0.050 and 0.10 mA/cm2. Methods of the invention include delivering the anticoagulants to precisely maintain the desired plasma concentrations. The invention also comprises treating thromboembolic disease and inhibiting Factor Xa.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved electrotransport drug delivery system for analgesic drugs, namely fentanyl and sufentanil. The fentanyl/sufentanil is provided as a water soluble salt (eg, fentanyl hydrochloride) dispersed in a hydrogel formulation for use in an electrotransport device (10). In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the concentration of fentanyl/sufentanil in the donor reservoir (26) solution is above a predetermined minimum concentration, whereby the transdermal electrotransport flux of fentanyl/sufentanil is maintained independent of the concentration of fentanyl/sufentanil in solution. In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, the donor reservoir (26) of the electrotransport delivery device (10) is comprised of silver and the donor reservoir (26) contains a predetermined “excess” loading of fentanyl/sufentanil halide to prevent silver ion migration with attendant skin discoloration.

Abstract: Methods for preparing compositions for use in electrotransport delivery systems. The method includes providing a drug solution comprising drug ions and associated counterions; adjusting the pH of the drug solution by contacting the drug solution with a ion exchange material first; separating the ion exchange material from the pH-adjusted drug solution; and buffering the pH-adjusted drug solution with a buffer. A peptidic buffer is preferably used. The methods result in compositions suitable for use in electrotransport delivery systems.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved electrotransport drug delivery system for analgesic drugs, namely fentanyl and sufentanil. The fentanyl/sufentanil is provided as a water soluble salt (eg, fentanyl hydrochloride) dispersed in a hydrogel formulation for use in an electrotransport device (10). In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the concentration of fentanyl/sufentanil in the donor reservoir (26) solution is above a predetermined minimum concentration, whereby the transdermal electrotransport flux of fentanyl/sufentanil is maintained independent of the concentration of fentanyl/sufentanil in solution. In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, the donor reservoir (26) of the electrotransport delivery device (10) is comprised of silver and the donor reservoir (26) contains a predetermined “excess” loading of fentanyl/sufentanil halide to prevent silver ion migration with attendant skin discoloration.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for preparing compositions for use in electrotransport delivery systems that comprise providing a drug solution comprising drug ions and associated counterions; adjusting the pH of the drug solution by contacting the drug solution with a first ion exchange material; separating the first ion exchange material from the pH-adjusted drug solution; adding the pH-adjusted drug solution to a reservoir of an electrotransport delivery system; and contacting the pH-adjusted drug solution with a second ion exchange material.

Abstract: A system and method for transdermally delivering a vaccine to a patient including an iontophoresis delivery device having a donor electrode, a counter electrode, and electric circuitry for supplying iontophoresis energy to the electrodes, and a non-electroactive microprojection member having a plurality of stratum corneum-piercing microprojections extending therefrom. The vaccine can be contained in a hydrogel formulation in an agent reservoir disposed proximate the donor electrode, in a biocompatible coating that is disposed on the microprojections or in both.

Abstract: The present invention features a method of treating pores on the skin by applying to skin in need of such treatment a device including a housing having a skin contacting surface, a first conductive electrode, a second conductive electrode, and a carrier; wherein the first conductive electrode is in electric communication with the second conductive electrode, wherein the first conductive electrode is in ionic communication with the carrier, wherein the carrier is in communication with the skin contacting surface, and wherein the skin contacting surface is placed in contact with the skin.