Abstract: In embodiments, a Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator (WCD) system includes a support structure for the patient to wear, and components that the support structure maintains on the patient's body. The components include a defibrillator, associated electrodes, and so on. The defibrillator can operate in a WCD mode while the patient wears the support structure. The defibrillator can further operate in a different, AED mode, during which time the patient need not wear a portion of the support structure, or even the entire support structure. Sometimes the AED mode is a type of a fully automatic AED mode. Other times the AED mode is a type of a semi-automated AED mode, where an attendant is present to administer the shock; at such times, the patient may not even need to have electrodes attached. This way the patient is more comfortable for a longer time.

Abstract: Methods and systems for removing impurities from electrolyte solutions having three or more valence states. In some embodiments, a method includes electrochemically reducing an electrolyte solution to lower its valence state to a level that causes impurities to precipitate out of the electrolyte solution and then filtering the precipitate(s) out of the electrolyte solution. In embodiments in which the electrolyte solution is desired to be at a valence state higher than the precipitation valence state, a method of the disclosure includes oxidizing the purified electrolyte solution to the target valence.

Abstract: Methods and systems for removing impurities from electrolyte solutions having three or more valence states. In some embodiments, a method includes electrochemically reducing an electrolyte solution to lower its valence state to a level that causes impurities to precipitate out of the electrolyte solution and then filtering the precipitate(s) out of the electrolyte solution. In embodiments in which the electrolyte solution is desired to be at a valence state higher than the precipitation valence state, a method of the disclosure includes oxidizing the purified electrolyte solution to the target valence.

Abstract: Methods and systems for removing impurities from electrolyte solutions having three or more valence states. In some embodiments, a method includes electrochemically reducing an electrolyte solution to lower its valence state to a level that causes impurities to precipitate out of the electrolyte solution and then filtering the precipitate(s) out of the electrolyte solution. In embodiments in which the electrolyte solution is desired to be at a valence state higher than the precipitation valence state, a method of the disclosure includes oxidizing the purified electrolyte solution to the target valence.

Abstract: Methods and systems for removing impurities from electrolyte solutions having three or more valence states. In some embodiments, a method includes electrochemically reducing an electrolyte solution to lower its valence state to a level that causes impurities to precipitate out of the electrolyte solution and then filtering the precipitate(s) out of the electrolyte solution. In embodiments in which the electrolyte solution is desired to be at a valence state higher than the precipitation valence state, a method of the disclosure includes oxidizing the purified electrolyte solution to the target valence.

Abstract: Methods and systems for removing impurities from electrolyte solutions having three or more valence states. In some embodiments, a method includes electrochemically reducing an electrolyte solution to lower its valence state to a level that causes impurities to precipitate out of the electrolyte solution and then filtering the precipitate(s) out of the electrolyte solution. In embodiments in which the electrolyte solution is desired to be at a valence state higher than the precipitation valence state, a method of the disclosure includes oxidizing the purified electrolyte solution to the target valence.

Abstract: Methods and systems for removing impurities from electrolyte solutions having three or more valence states. In some embodiments, a method includes electrochemically reducing an electrolyte solution to lower its valence state to a level that causes impurities to precipitate out of the electrolyte solution and then filtering the precipitate(s) out of the electrolyte solution. In embodiments in which the electrolyte solution is desired to be at a valence state higher than the precipitation valence state, a method of the disclosure includes oxidizing the purified electrolyte solution to the target valence.

Abstract: Methods and systems for removing impurities from electrolyte solutions having three or more valence states. In some embodiments, a method includes electrochemically reducing an electrolyte solution to lower its valence state to a level that causes impurities to precipitate out of the electrolyte solution and then filtering the precipitate(s) out of the electrolyte solution. In embodiments in which the electrolyte solution is desired to be at a valence state higher than the precipitation valence state, a method of the disclosure includes oxidizing the purified electrolyte solution to the target valence.

Abstract: Diaphragm valve with internal leak detection and improved external leak sealing performance. In diaphragm valves comprising diaphragms that have shields and backings, a rigid seal plate interposed between the shield and backing prevents peripheral regions of the shield from cold-flowing into the backing, despite the compression forces produced by tightening the fasteners that secure the diaphragm to the valve's bonnet assembly and body. An access port passing through the seal plate provides an interface between a void located between the shield and the backing and a breach detector. The breach detector is configured to detect pressure, volume, moisture or mass deviations in fluid disposed in the void, and the deviations indicate whether there's a rupture in the shield or the backing. The breach detector can be connected to an alarming device or signaling system to provide warnings and alerts to valve operators, process control panels or data communication networks.

Abstract: Diaphragm valve with internal leak detection and improved external leak sealing performance. In diaphragm valves comprising diaphragms that have shields and backings, a rigid seal plate interposed between the shield and backing prevents peripheral regions of the shield from cold-flowing into the backing, despite the compression forces produced by tightening the fasteners that secure the diaphragm to the valve's bonnet assembly and body. An access port passing through the seal plate provides an interface between a void located between the shield and the backing and a breach detector. The breach detector is configured to detect pressure, volume, moisture or mass deviations in fluid disposed in the void, and the deviations indicate whether there's a rupture in the shield or the backing. The breach detector can be connected to an alarming device or signaling system to provide warnings and alerts to valve operators, process control panels or data communication networks.

Abstract: A heat sensor is provided having a support member, an actuating member mounted pivotally therewith by a spring operatively engaging, in tensioned condition, a portion of the support member and the actuating member, and a member fabricated of two separable portions each bound to the other by fusible material which when fused at a predetermined temperature permits the two separable portions to be released, thus activating the heat sensor. It is also contemplated that the heat sensor operate in conjunction with a canister of compressed gas and a horn which are operatively associated with the heat sensor to sound an alarm when the heat sensor is activated.

Abstract: The passage-way between a freon cylinder and a freon-powered horn is plugged by a eutectic metal plug. When sufficient heat loosens the plug, the horn is activated. A switch in the passageway senses the back pressure from the freon gas flow and activates a remote electrical indicator which can be used to determine which of a plurality of horns has been activated.