Abstract: Disclosed are devices, systems, and methods for multi-modal, wearable sensors, including an electrochemical-ultrasonic transducer-based sensor, that can simultaneously detect and monitor one or more bio-analyte markers and one or more physiological markers. In some aspects, a wearable, acoustic-electrochemical sensor device includes a flexible substrate, one or more electrochemical sensors disposed on the flexible substrate, a physiological sensor comprising an array of acoustic transducers disposed on the flexible substrate, wherein the sensor device is operable to simultaneously detect and monitor one or more analyte markers and physiological markers including hemodynamic parameters.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions, devices, systems and fabrication methods for stretchable composite materials and stretchable electronics devices. In some aspects, an elastic composite material for a stretchable electronics device includes a first material having a particular electrical, mechanical or optical property; and a multi-block copolymer configured to form a hyperelastic binder that creates contact between the first material and the multi-block copolymer, in which the elastic composite material is structured to stretch at least 500% in at least one direction of the material and to exhibit the particular electrical, mechanical or optical property imparted from the first material. In some aspects, the stretchable electronics device includes a stretchable battery, biofuel cell, sensor, supercapacitor or other device able to be mounted to skin, clothing or other surface of a user or object.

Abstract: Disclosed are devices, systems and methods for implantable a biofuel cells. In some aspects, a biofuel cell device for extracting energy from a biological fluid includes a substrate including two compartments each with one or more openings; an anode assembly disposed in the substrate and including an anode electrode and functionalization material to facilitate an oxidative process that releases electrons captured at the anode electrode; and a cathode assembly disposed in the substrate separated from the anode assembly and including a catalytic material facilitate a chemical reduction process such that the biofuel cell device extracts electrical energy from the substance in the biological fluid.

Abstract: Methods, structures, devices and systems are disclosed for fabricating and implementing electrochemical biosensors and chemical sensors. In one aspect, a method of producing an epidermal biosensor includes forming an electrode pattern onto a coated surface of a paper-based substrate to form an electrochemical sensor, the electrode pattern including an electrically conductive material and an electrically insulative material configured in a particular design layout, and attaching an adhesive sheet on a surface of the electrochemical sensor having the electrode pattern, the adhesive sheet capable of adhering to skin or a wearable item, in which the electrochemical sensor, when attached to the skin or the wearable item, is operable to detect chemical analytes within an external environment.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions, devices, systems and fabrication methods for stretchable composite materials and stretchable electronics devices. In some aspects, an elastic composite material for a stretchable electronics device includes a first material having a particular electrical, mechanical or optical property; and a multi-block copolymer configured to form a hyperelastic binder that creates contact between the first material and the multi-block copolymer, in which the elastic composite material is structured to stretch at least 500% in at least one direction of the material and to exhibit the particular electrical, mechanical or optical property imparted from the first material. In some aspects, the stretchable electronics device includes a stretchable battery, biofuel cell, sensor, supercapacitor or other device able to be mounted to skin, clothing or other surface of a user or object.

Abstract: A method, according to one example, includes receiving a 360-degree image that was captured by a 360-degree camera, converting the 360-degree image into a rectangular image, and copying an edge portion from a first edge of the rectangular image and pasting the copied edge portion to a second edge of the rectangular image, thereby forming a modified rectangular image. The method further includes applying a neural network to the modified rectangular image to identify objects appearing in the modified rectangular image, wherein the modified rectangular image facilitates object identification near the second edge.

Abstract: Disclosed are sensor devices, systems, and methods for performing electrochemical measurements. The sensor device includes a flexible orthodontic device substantially cylindrical in shape with a hole in an end configured to allow saliva to pass. The device further includes one or more valves to allow the saliva to pass in a forward direction through the flexible orthodontic device and not in a reverse direction, and one or more electrochemical electrodes configured to contact the saliva, wherein the one or more electrodes are configured to determine the presence of one or more chemical biomarkers in the saliva.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for wearable, real-time multimodal sensing of electrochemical and electrophysiological and/or physical parameters of a user. In some aspects, a multimodal sensor device includes a flexible substrate; an electrochemical sensor disposed on the substrate and including electrochemical sensing electrodes operable to measure an electrical signal corresponding to a reaction including a chemical substance via an electrochemical sensing electrode and an analyte at the electrochemical sensor; and an electrophysiological sensor including two or more electrodes disposed on the substrate to acquire an electrophysiological signal of the user, such that when the multimodal sensor device is electrically coupled to an electronics unit and adhered to the user, the device is operable to simultaneously monitor an electrochemical parameter and an electrophysiological parameter of the user.

Abstract: An electrochemical-sensor structure having a substrate and a nanostmctured-sensing surface that receives a volume of a sample fluid. A sample region of the electrochemical-sensor structure for receiving the sample fluid volume is sized such that the volume of the fluid is sufficient to operatively cover a portion of the sample region of the electrochemical-sensor structure including the nanostructured-sensing surface. The electrochemical-sensor structure is connectable to a portable point-of-care (PoC) device. The PoC device may detect the energy properties of the sample fluid from the sample region of the electrochemical-sensor structure, to produce a signal comprising a fluid reading wherein the fluid reading is related to the energy properties of a biomarker in the sample fluid thereby indicating the presence, the absence, or the quantity of the biomarker in the sample fluid.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for intracellular payload delivery by nanomotor structures. In some aspects, a nanomotor for intracellular payload delivery includes an asymmetric body having a concave cavity at one end of the nanowire body; a functionalization layer on an outer surface of the nanowire body; and a payload substance coupled to the nanomotor by the functionalization layer in a biologically active conformation, wherein the payload substance is attached to a portion of the functionalization layer or at least partially encapsulated within the functionalization layer, in which the nanomotor is operable to propel in a biological medium and into an intracellular region of a living cell to initiate an interaction of the biologically active payload substance with an intracellular constituent of the living cell.

Abstract: A non-invasive epidermal electrochemical sensor device includes an adhesive membrane; a flexible or stretchable substrate disposed over the adhesive membrane; and an anodic electrode assembly disposed over the flexible or stretchable substrate including an iontophoretic electrode. The device includes a cathodic electrode assembly disposed adjacent to the anodic electrode assembly over the flexible or stretchable substrate and includes an iontophoretic electrode. Either the cathodic electrode assembly or the anodic electrode assembly also includes a sensing electrode that includes a working electrode and at least one of a counter electrode or a reference electrode. The iontophoretic electrode in either the anodic electrode assembly or the cathodic electrode assembly that includes the sensing electrode is disposed on the substrate to at least partially encompass the working electrode and the at least one of the counter electrode or the reference electrode.

Abstract: A system for voltage measurement of dielectric material in plasma includes a vacuum chamber. The system also includes an electrostatic receiver located outside of the vacuum chamber. The system also includes a conductive probe having a first terminus in contact with the dielectric material in the vacuum chamber and a second terminus in electrical communication with the electrostatic receiver. The system also includes a non-contact electrostatic voltmeter configured to measure a floating potential of the electrostatic receiver that corresponds to a dielectric potential of the dielectric material at a location in contact with the first terminus of the conductive probe.

Abstract: Methods, structures, devices and systems are disclosed for fabrication of microtube engines using membrane template electrodeposition. Such nanomotors operate based on bubble-induced propulsion in biological fluids and salt-rich environments. In one aspect, fabricating microengines includes depositing a polymer layer on a membrane template, depositing a conductive metal layer on the polymer layer, and dissolving the membrane template to release the multilayer microtubes.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed mouth-based biosensors and biofuel cells. In one aspect, an electrochemical sensor device for detecting analytes in saliva includes a substrate including an electrically insulative material, a first electrode disposed on the substrate at a first location, in which the first electrode includes a surface including a chemical agent (e.g., a catalyst or a reactant) corresponding to an analyte in saliva; and a second electrode disposed on the substrate at a second location separated from the first electrode by a spacing region, the first and second electrodes capable of sustaining a redox reaction involving the chemical agent and the analyte to produce an electrical signal, such that, when the device is present in the mouth of a user and electrically coupled to an electrical circuit, the device is operable to detect the analyte in the user's saliva.

Abstract: Disclosed are devices, systems and methods for epidermal monitoring of a fluid on skin. In some aspects, a device includes an electrochemical sensor comprising two or more electrodes disposed on a first flexible substrate; a microfluidic device comprising a second flexible substrate coupled to the first substrate and structured to include (i) a channel in a first cavity of the second substrate, (ii) one or more holes that connect to the channel and provide one or more inlets, and (iii) a reservoir connected to the channel, in which the electrochemical sensor is aligned with the reservoir; and an adhesion layer coupled to the microfluidic device and attachable to skin, and the device being operable to detect a biomarker in a fluid in secreted by the skin into the microfluidic device.

Abstract: Techniques and systems are disclosed for implementing textile-based screen-printed amperometric or potentiometric sensors. The chemical sensor can include carbon based electrodes to detect at least one of NADH, hydrogen peroxide, potassium ferrocyanide, TNT or DNT, in liquid or vapor phase. In one application, underwater presence of chemicals such as heavy metals and explosives is detected using the textile-based sensors.

Abstract: Disclosed are self-powering biofuel cell and sensor devices, systems and techniques. In some aspects, a self-powered biosensing system includes an electronic circuit; an anode including an enzymatic layer electrically coupled to a power supply voltage terminal of the electronic circuit and configured to interact with an analyte in a fluid, such as glucose or lactate; and a cathode electrically coupled to a ground voltage terminal of the electronic circuit, where the electronic circuit is operable to control and use the electrical energy generated at the anode and cathode for powering the biosensing system and detecting a concentration of the analyte in the fluid.

Abstract: A non-invasive epidermal electrochemical sensor device includes an adhesive membrane; a flexible or stretchable substrate disposed over the adhesive membrane; and an anodic electrode assembly disposed over the flexible or stretchable substrate including an iontophoretic electrode. The device includes a cathodic electrode assembly disposed adjacent to the anodic electrode assembly over the flexible or stretchable substrate and includes an iontophoretic electrode. Either the cathodic electrode assembly or the anodic electrode assembly also includes a sensing electrode that includes a working electrode and at least one of a counter electrode or a reference electrode. The iontophoretic electrode in either the anodic electrode assembly or the cathodic electrode assembly that includes the sensing electrode is disposed on the substrate to at least partially encompass the working electrode and the at least one of the counter electrode or the reference electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel electrolytes, and techniques for making and devices using such electrolytes, which are based on compressed gas solvents. Unlike conventional electrolytes, disclosed electrolytes are based on “compressed gas solvents” mixed with various salts, referred to as “compressed gas electrolytes.” Various embodiments of a compressed gas solvent includes a material that is in a gas phase and has a vapor pressure above an atmospheric pressure at a room temperature. The disclosed compressed gas electrolytes can have wide electrochemical potential windows, high conductivity, low temperature capability and/or high pressure solvent properties. Examples of a class of compressed gases that can be used as solvent for electrolytes include hydrofluorocarbons, in particular fluoromethane, difluoromethane, tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane. Also disclosed are battery and supercapacitor structures that use compressed gas solvent-based electrolytes, techniques for constructing such energy storage devices.

Abstract: Living cells, such as red blood cells (RBCs) modified with functional micromotors with the aid of ultrasound propulsion and magnetic guidance. Iron oxide nanoparticles are loaded into the RBCs, where their asymmetric distribution within the cells results in a net magnetization, thus enabling magnetic alignment and guidance under acoustic propulsion. The RBC motors display efficient guided and prolonged propulsion in various biological fluids, including undiluted whole blood.