Abstract: An electrostatic image on an image member already containing a loose dry first toner image is toned with a second toner, for example, a toner of a second and different color from the first toner image. The toning is accomplished by a developer having a high coercivity permanently magnetized carrier and toner which is moved through a development zone by a rapidly rotating core inside a sleeve on which the developer moves. Pole transitions caused by the rapidly moving core make the high coercivity permanently magnetized carrier move vigorously in a wave motion having alternating crests and troughs. Scavenging of the first toner image is prevented by separating the sleeve from the image member sufficiently that the crests of the developer do not touch the image member during the toning process. An alternating electrical field is applied between the sleeve and the image member to enhance development.

Abstract: An electrostatic image on an image member already containing a loose dry first toner image is toned with a second toner, for example, a toner of a second and different color from the first toner image. The toning is accomplished by a developer having a high coercivity permanently magnetized carrier and toner which is moved through a development zone by a rapidly rotating core inside a sleeve on which the developer moves. Pole transitions caused by the rapidly moving core make the high coercivity permanently magnetized carrier move vigorously in a wave motion having alternating crests and troughs. Scavenging of the first toner image is prevented by separating the sleeve from the image member sufficiently that the crests of the developer do not touch the image member during the toning process. An alternating electrical field is applied between the sleeve and the image member to enhance development.

Abstract: A process of forming a composite toner image, for example, a two color image, includes steps of charging and exposing an image member to create a first electrostatic image and developing the image to form a first toner image. The process is repeated to form two toner images on the same area or frame of an image member. To reduce the tendency of the first toner image to spread into the second electrostatic image and also to reduce scavenging of the first toner image by the second toning step, the image member is exposed, immediately after the formation of the first toner image, to uniform activating radiation to form charges of a polarity opposite the electrostatic image, which charges tend to hold the first toner image to the image member. The uniform exposure can be effected through a transparent support to the image member.

Abstract: In an imaging apparatus utilizing a rotating carrier member arranged to carry a writing element, a source of light is provided which is movable with respect to the writing element to project a writing beam of light onto the writing element to generate an image. The source of light comprises a plurality of laser diodes and a plurality of optical fibers connecting the diodes to a movable writing head adjacent the carrier member, with the optical fibers in the writing head have output ends arranged in a linear array. The improvement comprises a substantially planar support substrate disposed in the writing head arranged to support the output ends of the optical fibers on a first surface thereof. The substrate is provided with a plurality of grooves on the first surface with each groove receiving the output end of an individual fiber.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for making a fiber optic array for use in an optical scanning device. The array includes a substrate and rows of optical fibers stacked on the substrate. The optical fibers are all of a predetermined diameter. In order to precisely space the fibers relative to each other, the fibers in the first row are arranged in grooves in the substrate, and each succeeding row of fibers is disposed on the fibers of the preceding row.

Abstract: An improved electro-optic modulator for a light valve device of the kind wherein the modulator is sandwiched between cross polarizer elements. The modulator includes a ferroelectric ceramic panel having a plurality of parallel grooves forming intervening parallel walled ridge portions. A series of address and reference electrode pairs are formed on the ridge side walls with each electrode pair being substantially parallel and opposingly centered on a normal across the intervening ridge portion. The electrode pairs of the series are staggered in location along respective ridge portions to define an array having a linear direction at about 45.degree. to the direction of the panel grooves. The panel can be oriented between the polarizer elements with the polarization directions of the elements parallel to and perpendicular to the linear direction of the array.

Abstract: A fiber optic array is disclosed for use in an optical scanning device. The array includes a substrate and rows of optical fibers stacked on the substrate. The optical fibers are all of a predetermined diameter. In order to precisely space the fibers relative to each other, the fibers in the first row are arranged in grooves in the substrate, and each succeeding row of fibers is disposed on the fibers of the preceding row.

Abstract: A fiber optic array is disclosed for use in an optical scanning device. The array includes a substrate and a plurality of optical fibers arranged on the substrate to form a linear array of the fibers. Each of the fibers is received in grooves in the substrate to precisely space the fibers relative to each other. Each fiber is adapted to receive light from a source such as a laser diode. In order to increase the packing density of the fibers in the array, the fibers are closely spaced relative to each other on the substrate. The fibers are arranged in aligned sets of grooves which are spaced apart by planar areas on the substrate, and the pitch of the grooves in successive sets decreases as the fibers approach an output end of the array to draw the fibers closer together at this end.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for making a fiber optic array for use in an optical scanning device. The array includes a substrate and a plurality of optical fibers arranged on the substrate to form a linear array of the fibers. Each of the fibers is received in grooves formed in the substrate to precisely space the fibers relative to each other. Each fiber is adapted to receive light from a source such as a laser diode. In order to increase the packing density of the fibers in the array, the fibers are closely spaced relative to each other on the substrate. The fibers are arranged in aligned sets of grooves which are spaced apart by planar areas on the substrate, and the pitch of the grooves in successive sets decreases as the fibers approach an output end of the array to draw the fibers closer together at this end.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for making a fiber optic array for use in an optical scanning device. The array includes a substrate and a plurality of optical fibers arranged on the substrate to form a linear array of the fibers. Each of the fibers is received in grooves in the substrate to precisely space the fibers relative to each other. Each of the fibers is adapted to receive light from a source such as a laser diode. In order to increase the packing density of the fibers in the array, the fibers are mounted in sets of parallel grooves which are spaced to draw the fibers closer together at an output end. Further, the ends of the fibers are etched to decrease the cladding diameter and thereby permit the fiber ends to be more closely spaced relative to each other.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a modulator panel for use in a light valve device, includes forming a metal pattern of spaced address electrode and pad portions on an ingress surface of the panel; heating the panel in a nitrogen atmosphere to remove moisture from the ingress surface; spin coating the ingress surface with a photoresist composition; and exposing and developing the photoresist coating so that the developed coating remains as a moisture impermeable layer, except over the electrode pad portions of the ingress surface.

Abstract: A method of making a linear light valve array having a plurality of transversely driven, discretely addressable, electro-optic gates, includes the steps of (i) cutting parallel grooves of uniform depth to form a land region on a wafer of electro-optical material; (ii) holding a stencil having reference and address electrode patterns over the land region and groove portions of the wafer; and (iii) depositing conductive material through the stencil to form address and reference electrodes on opposing side walls of the land region. Linear and two-dimensional modulator devices made by such method are disclosed also.

Abstract: A subtractive color electrophotographic process is disclosed for producing a multicolor print from a single exposure of a color original. The process utilizes a novel multilayer recording element containing an electrically conducting layer, an insulating layer and two or more photoconductive layers, each spectrally sensitized to a different portion of the optical spectrum. In carrying out the process, the recording element is first uniformly charged and exposed to a color original and then developed by a multistep procedure. Each step of the development procedure comprises flood exposing the recording element to radiation to which at least one of the photoconductive layers is responsive while applying toner particles having a different subtractive color characteristic and an appropriate electrical bias.

Abstract: Electrographic image patterns are developed using marking particles containing a catalyst or catalyst precursor. The developed image pattern is then amplified by contacting it with high gain chemical-redox amplification composition.

Abstract: In general, materials having the structure ##STR1## wherein A represents phenylene, napthylene, anthracenediyl, and dibenzothien-diyl;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be the same or different when taken alone represent hydrogen, cyano, alkylcarbonyl and arylcarbamoyl, arylcarbonyl, cyanoaryl;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, when taken together, represent sufficient atoms to form substituted and unsubstituted radicals selected from the group consisting of furanylidene, fluorenylidene, pyrimidinylidene, thiazolidinylidene, pyrrolinyl, and indenyl, isoxazolinylidene, pyrazolinylidene and indanylidene, wherein said substituents are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, cyano, aryl, oxo, thioxo, nitro, alkyl, nitroaryl, carbamoyl and cyanoalkyl; andalkyl represents an alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms; aryl represents an aromatic nucleus selected from the group consisting of benzene, napthalene or anthracene, are useful in electrophoretic migration imaging processes.

Abstract: Compounds selected from the group consisting of (a) aromatic amines having a p-alkyl, p-alkoxy or p-alkoxycarbonyl substituent on the aromatic group, (b) aromatic alkanes, isoalkanes and cycloalkanes, having at least two aromatic groups with at least one aromatic group having an amino substituent, (c) dialkylarylamines having a pyranylalkenyl, a quinolinylalkenyl or a arylazo substituent on the aryl group, (d) a julolidine and (e) a isobenzofuran are useful as sensitizers in electrophoretic migration imaging dispersions and processes.

Abstract: In general, materials having the structure ##STR1## wherein n equals 1 or 2;A represents phenylene, naphthylene, anthracenyl, anthracenediyl, and dibenzothien-diyl;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 which may be the same or different when taken alone represent hydrogen, cyano, alkylcarbonyl and arylcarbamoyl, arylcarbonyl, cyanoaryl;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, when taken together, represent sufficient atoms to form substituted and unsubstituted radicals selected from the group consisting of furanylidene, fluorenylidene, pyrimidinylidene, thiazolidinylidene, pyrrolinyl, and indenyl, isoxazolinylidene, pyrazolinylidene and indanylidene, wherein said substituents are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, cyano, aryl, oxo, thioxo, nitro, alkyl, nitroaryl, carbamoyl and cyanoalkyl; andalkyl represents an alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms; aryl represents an aromatic nucleus selected from the group consisting of benzene, naphthalene or anthracene, are useful in electrophoretic migration imaging processes.

Abstract: A method for producing visible images in certain charge sensitive, dry processable recording elements. Image recording is accomplished by flowing, in a resistive recording element containing a reducible metal compound, an imagewise pattern of electrical current of sufficient magnitude to produce therein a storable latent image. The metal compound in the latent image areas is subsequently reduced by a dry development technique to produce a visible image.

Abstract: A subtractive color electrophotographic process is disclosed for producing a multicolor print from a single exposure of a color original. The process utilizes a novel multilayer recording element containing an electrically conducting layer, an insulating layer and two or more photoconductive layers, each spectrally sensitized to a different portion of the optical spectrum. In carrying out the process, the recording element is first uniformly charged and exposed to a color original and then developed by a multistep procedure. Each step of the development procedure comprises flood exposing the recording element to radiation to which at least one of the photoconductive layers is responsive while applying toner particles having a different subtractive color characteristic and an appropriate electrical bias.

Abstract: An improved electrophoretic migration imaging process is disclosed wherein the improvement comprises the use of electrically photosensitive particles containing a colorant having an absorption maximum greater than about 410 nm. and having the formula: ##STR1## wherein n represents 0 or 1; m represents 1 or 2; Ar represents an aromatic group; Z represents the nonmetallic atoms to complete an aromatic group; and each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 represents hydrogen, nitro, cyano, halogen, or one of various specified organo groups.