Abstract: Provided is a composition comprising a peptide comprising amino acids and/or amino acid analogs comprising a continuous sequence of a sclerostin fragment comprising Tyr43 or Tyr213. Also provided is a composition comprising a peptide comprising less than about 75 amino acids and/or amino acid analogs including an amino acid or amino acid analog capable of being sulfated, where the composition is capable of inhibiting sclerostin binding to an LRP. Further provided is a composition comprising a peptide comprising less than about 75 amino acids and/or amino acid analogs including an amino acid or amino acid analog capable of being post-translationally sulfated, where the composition is capable of inhibiting binding of a protein ligand comprising a sulfation site to its binding partner. Also provided are methods of using the compositions.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions which are useful for separating, isolating, detecting, and quantifying compounds of interest which have been modified chemically, enzymatically or catalytically from other compounds which have not been so modified. The modifications may take the form of functional groups which are gained, lost or retained by the compounds of interest.

Abstract: Provided are antibodies that bind to: a sulfonated epitope of the protein Sclerostin, to Sclerostin portions comprising a sulfonated amino acid and to dimerized forms of Sclerostin. Further provided are compositions and peptides comprising a sulfonated epitope of sclerostin. Also provided by this invention are methods for production of such antibodies, both active and passive, and methods for identifying antibodies specific for sulfonation sites in Sclerostin and other antibodies which discriminate between sulfonated and unsulfonated forms of sclerostin. Physical and virtual screening processes are provided in this invention for identifying compounds which disrupt or inhibit sulfonation and the interaction between Sclerostin and binding partners. The antibodies and compositions of the present invention are useful in diagnostic and therapeutic applications directed to Sclerostin-related disorders.

Abstract: Provided is a protein comprising an antibody binding site that binds to a sulfated epitope of a Wnt pathway protein that is not Wnt5A, Wnt11, or Wnt3a. In one embodiment, the Wnt pathway protein is the Dickkopf1 (Dkk1) protein. Further provided is a composition comprising a peptide less than 75 amino acids or amino acid analogs, the peptide consisting of a fragment of a Wnt pathway protein, such as a Dkk1, wherein the fragment is sulfated.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions which are useful for separating, isolating, detecting, and quantifying compounds of interest which have been modified chemically, enzymatically or catalytically from other compounds which have not been so modified. The modifications may take the form of functional groups which are gained, lost or retained by the compounds of interest.

Abstract: Provided is a composition comprising a peptide comprising amino acids and/or amino acid analogs comprising a continuous sequence of a sclerostin fragment comprising Tyr43 or Tyr213. Also provided is a composition comprising a peptide comprising less than about 75 amino acids and/or amino acid analogs including an amino acid or amino acid analog capable of being sulfated, where the composition is capable of inhibiting sclerostin binding to an LRP. Further provided is a composition comprising a peptide comprising less than about 75 amino acids and/or amino acid analogs including an amino acid or amino acid analog capable of being post-translationally sulfated, where the composition is capable of inhibiting binding of a protein ligand comprising a sulfation site to its binding partner. Also provided are methods of using the compositions.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions which are useful for separating, isolating, detecting, and quantifying compounds of interest which have been modified chemically, enzymatically or catalytically from other compounds which have not been so modified. The modifications may take the form of functional groups which are gained, lost or retained by the compounds of interest.

Abstract: Provided is a composition comprising a peptide comprising amino acids and/or amino acid analogs comprising a continuous sequence of a sclerostin fragment comprising Tyr43 or Tyr213. Also provided is a composition comprising a peptide comprising less than about 75 amino acids and/or amino acid analogs including an amino acid or amino acid analog capable of being sulfated, where the composition is capable of inhibiting sclerostin binding to an LRP. Further provided is a composition comprising a peptide comprising less than about 75 amino acids and/or amino acid analogs including an amino acid or amino acid analog capable of being post-translationally sulfated, where the composition is capable of inhibiting binding of a protein ligand comprising a sulfation site to its binding partner. Also provided are methods of using the compositions.

Abstract: Provided is a protein comprising an antibody binding site that binds to a sulfated epitope of a Wnt pathway protein that is not Wnt5A, Wnt11, or Wnt3a. In one embodiment, the Wnt pathway protein is the Dickkopf1 (Dkk1) protein. Further provided is a composition comprising a peptide less than 75 amino acids or amino acid analogs, the peptide consisting of a fragment of a Wnt pathway protein, such as a Dkk1, wherein the fragment is sulfated.

Abstract: Provided is a protein comprising an antibody binding site that binds to a sulfated epitope of a Wnt pathway protein that is not Wnt5A, Wnt11, or Wnt3a. Also provided is a composition comprising an isolated and purified Wnt pathway protein, where the protein is sulfated but not glycosylated. Additionally provided is a preparation of a Wnt pathway protein comprising at least one sulfation site and at least one glycosylation site, where all of the Wnt pathway protein in the preparation is glycosylated but not sulfated. Further provided is a composition comprising a peptide less than 75 amino acids or amino acid analogs, the peptide consisting of a fragment of a Wnt pathway protein, wherein the fragment is sulfated. A modified Wnt pathway protein comprising a sulfation site that is not present in the native Wnt pathway protein is also provided. Also provided is a method of detecting or quantifying a sulfated Wnt pathway protein in a preparation.

Abstract: Provided are antibodies that bind to: a sulfonated epitope of the protein Sclerostin, to Sclerostin portions comprising a sulfonated amino acid and to dimerized forms of Sclerostin. Further provided are compositions and peptides comprising a sulfonated epitope of sclerostin. Also provided by this invention are methods for production of such antibodies, both active and passive, and methods for identifying antibodies specific for sulfonation sites in Sclerostin and other antibodies which discriminate between sulfonated and unsulfonated forms of sclerostin. Physical and virtual screening processes are provided in this invention for identifying compounds which disrupt or inhibit sulfonation and the interaction between Sclerostin and binding partners. The antibodies and compositions of the present invention are useful in diagnostic and therapeutic applications directed to Sclerostin-related disorders.

Abstract: Provided are antibodies that bind to: a sulfonated epitope of the protein Sclerostin, to Sclerostin portions comprising a sulfonated amino acid and to dimerized forms of Sclerostin. Further provided are compositions and peptides comprising a sulfonated epitope of sclerostin. Also provided by this invention are methods for production of such antibodies, both active and passive, and methods for identifying antibodies specific for sulfonation sites in Sclerostin and other antibodies which discriminate between sulfonated and unsulfonated forms of sclerostin. Physical and virtual screening processes are provided in this invention for identifying compounds which disrupt or inhibit sulfonation and the interaction between Sclerostin and binding partners. The antibodies and compositions of the present invention are useful in diagnostic and therapeutic applications directed to Sclerostin-related disorders.

Abstract: Provided is a composition comprising a peptide comprising amino acids and/or amino acid analogs comprising a continuous sequence of a sclerostin fragment comprising Tyr43 or Tyr213. Also provided is a composition comprising a peptide comprising less than about 75 amino acids and/or amino acid analogs including an amino acid or amino acid analog capable of being sulfated, where the composition is capable of inhibiting sclerostin binding to an LRP. Further provided is a composition comprising a peptide comprising less than about 75 amino acids and/or amino acid analogs including an amino acid or amino acid analog capable of being post-translationally sulfated, where the composition is capable of inhibiting binding of a protein ligand comprising a sulfation site to its binding partner. Also provided are methods of using the compositions.

Abstract: Provided is a composition comprising a peptide comprising amino acids and/or amino acid analogs comprising a continuous sequence of a sclerostin fragment comprising Tyr43 or Tyr213. Also provided is a composition comprising a peptide comprising less than about 75 amino acids and/or amino acid analogs including an amino acid or amino acid analog capable of being sulfated, where the composition is capable of inhibiting sclerostin binding to an LRP. Further provided is a composition comprising a peptide comprising less than about 75 amino acids and/or amino acid analogs including an amino acid or amino acid analog capable of being post-translationally sulfated, where the composition is capable of inhibiting binding of a protein ligand comprising a sulfation site to its binding partner.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions which are useful for separating, isolating, detecting, and quantifying compounds of interest which have been modified chemically, enzymatically or catalytically from other compounds which have not been so modified. The modifications may take the form of functional groups which are gained, lost or retained by the compounds of interest.

Abstract: Provided are antibodies that bind to: a sulfonated epitope of the protein Sclerostin, to Sclerostin portions comprising a sulfonated amino acid and to dimerized forms of Sclerostin. Further provided are compositions and peptides comprising a sulfonated epitope of sclerostin. Also provided by this invention are methods for production of such antibodies, both active and passive, and methods for identifying antibodies specific for sulfonation sites in Sclerostin and other antibodies which discriminate between sulfonated and unsulfonated forms of sclerostin. Physical and virtual screening processes are provided in this invention for identifying compounds which disrupt or inhibit sulfonation and the interaction between Sclerostin and binding partners. The antibodies and compositions of the present invention are useful in diagnostic and therapeutic applications directed to Sclerostin-related disorders.

Abstract: Provided are antibodies that bind to: a sulfonated epitope of the protein Sclerostin, to Sclerostin portions comprising a sulfonated amino acid and to dimerized forms of Sclerostin. Further provided are compositions and peptides comprising a sulfonated epitope of sclerostin. Also provided by this invention are methods for production of such antibodies, both active and passive, and methods for identifying antibodies specific for sulfonation sites in Sclerostin and other antibodies which discriminate between sulfonated and unsulfonated forms of sclerostin. Physical and virtual screening processes are provided in this invention for identifying compounds which disrupt or inhibit sulfonation and the interaction between Sclerostin and binding partners. The antibodies and compositions of the present invention are useful in diagnostic and therapeutic applications directed to Sclerostin-related disorders.

Abstract: Provided is a protein comprising an antibody binding site that binds to a sulfated epitope of a Wnt pathway protein that is not Wnt5A, Wnt1l, or Wnt3a. Also provided is a composition comprising an isolated and purified Wnt pathway protein, where the protein is sulfated but not glycosylated. Additionally provided is a preparation of a Wnt pathway protein comprising at least one sulfation site and at least one glycosylation site, where all of the Wnt pathway protein in the preparation is glycosylated but not sulfated. Further provided is a composition comprising a peptide less than 75 amino acids or amino acid analogs, the peptide consisting of a fragment of a Wnt pathway protein, wherein the fragment is sulfated. A modified Wnt pathway protein comprising a sulfation site that is not present in the native Wnt pathway protein is also provided. Also provided is a method of detecting or quantifying a sulfated Wnt pathway protein in a preparation.

Abstract: Provided is a protein comprising an antibody binding site that binds to a sulfated epitope of a Wnt pathway protein that is not Wnt5A, Wnt11, or Wnt3a. Also provided is a composition comprising an isolated and purified Wnt pathway protein, where the protein is sulfated but not glycosylated. Additionally provided is a preparation of a Wnt pathway protein comprising at least one sulfation site and at least one glycosylation site, where all of the Wnt pathway protein in the preparation is glycosylated but not sulfated. Further provided is a composition comprising a peptide less than 75 amino acids or amino acid analogs, the peptide consisting of a fragment of a Wnt pathway protein, wherein the fragment is sulfated. A modified Wnt pathway protein comprising a sulfation site that is not present in the native Wnt pathway protein is also provided. Also provided is a method of detecting or quantifying a sulfated Wnt pathway protein in a preparation.

Abstract: Provided is a composition comprising a peptide comprising amino acids and/or amino acid analogs comprising a continuous sequence of a sclerostin fragment comprising Tyr43 or Tyr213. Also provided is a composition comprising a peptide comprising less than about 75 amino acids and/or amino acid analogs including an amino acid or amino acid analog capable of being sulfated, where the composition is capable of inhibiting sclerostin binding to an LRP. Further provided is a composition comprising a peptide comprising less than about 75 amino acids and/or amino acid analogs including an amino acid or amino acid analog capable of being post-translationally sulfated, where the composition is capable of inhibiting binding of a protein ligand comprising a sulfation site to its binding partner.