Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for the discrimination of biological tissues, such that it is capable of carrying out the discrimination of tissue under complicated operating conditions, for example due to the presence of contaminating elements given off by a cutting operation, due to the presence of moisture in the biological tissue, or due to the presence of a non-controlled atmosphere that interferes with the results of the readings. The invention allows building more complex devices, including cutting instruments, such that it is possible to carry out a surgical intervention in a safe manner by preventing cutting into tissues that are to be avoided during said cutting operation.

Abstract: The present invention provides IP4-4,6 substituted derivatives, their methods of synthesis and their uses. In some aspects, the IP4-4,6 derivative is a compound of formula I wherein R1, R3, R7, and R11 are OPO32?, and R5 and R9 are selected from the group consisting of —O(Alkyl)nX, —O(Alkyl)yCy(Alkyl2)y-Z, —O(Alkyl)yA(Alkyl)y-Z?, and their thiophosphate analogs. Also provided are methods, pharmaceutical compositions and formulations, methods of use, articles of manufacture, and kits for the treatment of diseases and conditions such as pathological crystallization-related diseases and conditions.