Abstract: An electrostatic spray device capable of reducing a leakage current is provided. An electrostatic spray device 100 includes a spray electrode 1 configured to spray a material from an end thereof, a reference electrode 2 for allowing voltage application across the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2, a dielectric 10 on which the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 are provided, and a gap section 11 provided on a surface of the dielectric 10 for providing on the surface of the dielectric 10 a detouring current path between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2.

Abstract: An electrostatic spray device capable of reducing a leakage current is provided. An electrostatic spray device 100 includes a spray electrode 1 configured to spray a material from an end thereof, a reference electrode 2 for allowing voltage application across the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2, a dielectric 10 on which the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 are provided, and a gap section 11 provided on a surface of the dielectric 10 for providing on the surface of the dielectric 10 a detouring current path between the spray electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods related to controlling user access to a first computer device, using a second computer device. One method comprises generating authentication data in accordance with a first algorithm and generating acceptable response data in accordance with a second algorithm using the authentication data and information shared with a second computer device. The authentication data is received at the second computer device, where response data is generated in accordance with the second algorithm using the shared information and the received authentication data. The response data generated by the second device is received at the first computer device and compared with the acceptable response data. Access to the first computer device is granted if the response data is identical to the acceptable response data.