Abstract: An energy storage device comprising a negative electrode plate having a negative electrode active material layer of a carbonaceous composite material formed on a negative electrode collector, a positive electrode plate having a positive electrode active material layer capable of inserting and releasing lithium ions and a non-faradic reaction layer capable of accumulating and releasing electric charges upon physical adsorption-desorption of ions on the surface layer of the positive electrode active material layer and an insulator layer for electrically insulating the positive electrode plate from the negative electrode plate, the insulator layer being capable of permeating only mobile ions. The carbonaceous composite material comprises particles of graphite and/or amorphous carbon and activated charcoal, and the particles of the graphite and/or amorphous carbon and particles of the activated charcoal are united.

Abstract: An energy storage device comprising a positive active material layer having a positive active material capable of inserting and releasing lithium ions, a positive electrode plate having a layer capable of effecting non-faradic like reaction upon physical adsorption and desorption of the ions to accumulate and discharge charges, and a negative plate having a negative active material layer made of carbonaceous material that is capable of absorbing and releasing mainly lithium in the ionized state in a collector, and an insulator layer for electrically insulating the positive electrode plate from the negative electrode plate that causes only mobile ions permeate.

Abstract: Organic borates having the formula: The borates are highly soluble in solvent of low dielectric constant. Also disclosed are nonaqueous electrolytes made from these organic borates; lithium secondary batteries with improved high-temperature storage characteristics; and electric appliances that comprises the battery and are free of protection circuits.

Abstract: An energy device having high input-output performance, in particular being excellent in low temperature performance. An energy device characterized by storing and discharging electric energy by both a faradaic reaction mechanism wherein mainly the oxidation state of an active material changes and electric charge transfers inside said active material and a non-faradaic reaction mechanism wherein mainly ions are physically absorbed and desorbed on the surface of an active material and resultantly electric charge is accumulated and discharged. Further, output performance at a low temperature is improved by providing an energy device characterized by storing and discharging electric energy by at least two kinds of reaction mechanisms that show low and high reaction rates respectively in faradaic reaction wherein mainly the oxidation state of an active material changes and electric charge transfers to said active material through an electrode interface.

Abstract: A lithium ion secondary battery having high output characteristics even at an extremely low temperature, for example, ?30° C. and high output power even in a low charged state. A graphite-based material having an R value (IRD/IRG) which is the ratio of peak intensity (IRD) at 1,300 to 1,400 cm?1 to peak intensity (IRG) at 1,580 to 1,620 cm?1 measured in its Raman spectrum of 0.3 to 0.6 and an H value (IH(110)/IH(004)) which is the ratio of the peak height intensity (IH(110)) of the face (110) to the peak height intensity (IH(004)) of the face (004) in its X-ray diffraction of 0.5 to 2.0 or a C value which is the ratio of the peak integral intensity (IC(110)) of the face (110) to the peak integral intensity (IC(004)) of the face (004) of 0.4 to 1.50 is used as a negative-electrode active material.

Abstract: A battery module with an excellent cooling effect includes a battery unit 194 and a circuit unit 192. The battery unit 194 includes a casing main body 195 having an external frame 195a formed of a plate-like member in a rectangular shape and an internal member 197 supported inside the external frame 195a. A plurality of lithium single cells 202 to 208 are connected in series to form a longitudinal tandem cell 200. A plurality of the tandem cells 200 are disposed on either side of the internal member in parallel, and the entire tandem cells are connected in series by connecting metal fittings that are disposed on either side of the tandem cells 200. A cover 198 with ventilation opening is mounted on the casing main body 195. The circuit unit 192 is disposed on one end of the battery unit 194 and includes a control circuit that detects the voltage of each of the lithium single cells 202 to 208 and transmits the result of detection using a control means.

Abstract: To acquire a high-output electrochemical energy storage device the range of operating voltage of which is large, a positive electrode provided with a positive electrode collector and positive electrode active material which is held by the positive electrode collector and can occlude/emit a metal ion, a negative electrode provided with a negative electrode collector and negative electrode active material which is held by the negative electrode collector and can occlude/emit the metal ion, a minutely porous separator held between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and an organic electrolyte are provided, and a range of operating voltage is equivalent to a range from below 2 V to 4 V or more.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to supply organic borates highly soluble even in a solvent of a low dielectric constant; nonaqueous electrolytes made from these organic borates and excellent in characteristics; lithium secondary batteries with improved high-temperature storage characteristics; electric appliances that can be free of protection circuits, and; various applications of the electric appliances. The present invention relates to: organic borate compounds represented by structural formula (1) where X denotes lithium or quaternary ammonium or quaternary phosphonium and R1, R2, R3, and R4 each denote an independent halogen-atom displacement alkyl group whose carbon number ranges from 1 to 4, and organic borate compounds whose R1, R2, R3, and R4 are represented by trifluoromethyl groups or pentafluoroethyl groups, in particular, can be easily dissolved to concentrations of at least 0.

Abstract: Disclosure is a non-aqueous electrolyte solution secondary battery having an improved negative electrode material. The negative electrode material contains a carbonaceous material that has a Lc value of 0.70 to 2.20 nm calculated from X-ray diffraction analysis, and a degree of graphitization R value (ID/IG) is 0.90 to 1.20, the degree of graphitization being obtained by the ratio of the peak height (ID) representing a vibration mode based on a non-crystalline disorder structure within the range of from 1300 to 1400 cm−1 that is measured by Raman spectrum to the peak height (IG) representing a vibration mode based on a graphite crystalline structure within the range of 1580 to 1620 cm−1.

Abstract: Artificial graphite particles, having a secondary particle structure in which a plurality of primary particles composed of graphite are clustered or bonded together, and having a layer structure in which the edge portion of the primary particles is bent in a polyhedral shape.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithium secondary battery comprising a nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing a compound which is oxidized at a voltage higher than a charge end voltage of the lithium secondary battery and a compound which inhibits reactions at voltages lower than said charge end voltage.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to supply organic borates highly soluble even in a solvent of a low dielectric constant; nonaqueous electrolytes made from these organic borates and excellent in characteristics; lithium secondary batteries with improved high-temperature storage characteristics; electric appliances that can be free of protection circuits, and; various applications of the electric appliances.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator and a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte, the non-aqueous liquid electrolyte having an electrical conductivity of 0.05 mS/cm or more and no such a flash point as specified by JIS-K2265 flash point test and comprising an ion nonconductive solvent and a lithium ion conductive solvent, is non-flammable and safe even at high temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithium secondary battery comprising a nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing a compound which is oxidized at a voltage higher than a charge end voltage of the lithium secondary battery and a compound which inhibits reactions at voltages lower than said charge end voltage.

Abstract: An organic electrolyte and polymer is provided wherein diffusivity of mobile ions is enhanced; and a lithium primary battery, lithium secondary battery, polymer secondary battery, and electrochemical capacitor, is provided which have increased capacities at a low temperature. A non-aqueous electrolyte and polymer electrolyte, wherein a fluorinated solvent having a fluorinated alkyl group, of which the terminal end structure is an unsymmetrical structure, is mixed with the electrolyte, is provided for use in various applications.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery which is capable of terminating its operation safely with no accompanying rapid change in appearance, no gas generation, nor pressure change when any of an overcharge, overdischarge, and abnormal temperature rise occurs in the secondary battery itself. The lithium secondary battery includes a negative electrode, which is capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium, a positive electrode, which is capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte is solidified by a thermal reaction at a designated temperature.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to supply organic borates highly soluble even in a solvent of a low dielectric constant; nonaqueous electrolytes made from these organic borates and excellent in characteristics; lithium secondary batteries with improved high-temperature storage characteristics; electric appliances that can be free of protection circuits, and; various applications of the electric appliances.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator and a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte, the non-aqueous liquid electrolyte having an electrical conductivity of 0.05 mS/cm or more and no such a flash point as specified by JIS-K2265 flash point test and comprising an ion nonconductive solvent and a lithium ion conductive solvent, is non-flammable and safe even at high temperatures.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator and a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte, the non-aqueous liquid electrolyte having an electrical conductivity of 0.05 mS/cm or more and no such a flash point as specified by JIS-K2265 flash point test and comprising an ion nonconductive solvent and a lithium ion conductive solvent, is non-flammable and safe even at high temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a refrigerating machine oil composition, which is composed of a base oil as a main component containing a single component of a compound or a mixture of compounds selected from the group consisting of cyclic carbonates and aliphatic carbonate derivatives. For example, the refrigerating machine oil composition is characterized by that the single component of a compound or the mixture of compounds selected from the group consisting of cyclic carbonates and aliphatic carbonate derivatives are expressed by the following general chemical formulas for cyclic carbonates (1) and aliphatic carbonate derivatives (2): (R1, R2 in the formula (1) respectively and independently express a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom or an alkyl having a carbon number of 1 to 4, or a perfluoroalkyl having a carbon number of 1 to 3. Therein, R1 and R2 may be the same or different from each other.