Abstract: The invention relates to a method for processing black liquor soap, particularly to a method for producing and recovering fatty acid esters and resin acids from black liquor soap. The method is based on a catalytic selective esterification of the soap.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a sensor structure formed on a substrate comprising a sensor frame, comprising electric contacts for sensors, an active sensor within the sensor frame comprising at least a capacitive humidity sensor. In accordance with the invention the active sensor is connected to the sensor frame only by a thin thermally isolating layer supporting the active sensor, the thermally isolating layer including electric contacts from the sensor frame.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method in connection with a radiosonde, the method comprising measuring a humidity of the atmosphere at several different altitudes in the atmosphere, measuring a pressure at several different altitudes in the atmosphere or calculating the pressure from an altitude of the radiosonde obtained from GPS or other satellite navigation system, measuring or estimating a temperature of a humidity sensor, and measuring a relative humidity by a capacitor with a polymer insulator, wherein the relative humidity value is corrected based on a correction factor, which is a function of pressure, humidity sensor temperature, and relative humidity, such that the humidity value decreases when pressure decreases.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method in connection with a radiosonde, the method comprising measuring a humidity of the atmosphere at several different altitudes in the atmosphere, measuring a pressure at several different altitudes in the atmosphere or calculating the pressure from an altitude of the radiosonde obtained from GPS or other satellite navigation system, measuring or estimating a temperature of a humidity sensor, and measuring a relative humidity by a capacitor with a polymer insulator, wherein the relative humidity value is corrected based on a correction factor, which is a function of pressure, humidity sensor temperature, and relative humidity, such that the humidity value decreases when pressure decreases.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor structure and a method. The sensor structure includes a first sensor having a sensing element sensitive to humidity of the environment. In accordance with the invention the sensor structure also includes s second sensor having a sensing element sensitive to humidity, the second sensor comprising a catalytic permeable layer positioned on the second sensor such that it is between the sensing element of the second sensor and the environment.

Abstract: A wireless device having a first tunable antenna tuned to a first frequency band; and a second tunable antenna tuned to a second frequency band that is different than the first frequency band, wherein the first and second antennas are configured to transmit, receive, or a combination of transmit and receive transmission signals by carrier aggregation at the respective first and second frequency bands simultaneously.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor structure and a method. The sensor structure includes a first sensor having a sensing element sensitive to humidity of the environment. In_accordance with the invention the sensor structure also includes s second sensor having a sensing element sensitive to humidity, the second sensor comprising a catalytic permeable layer positioned on the second sensor such that it is between the sensing element of the second sensor and the environment.

Abstract: A wireless device having a first tunable antenna tuned to a first frequency band; and a second tunable antenna tuned to a second frequency band that is different than the first frequency band, wherein the first and second antennas are configured to transmit, receive, or a combination of transmit and receive transmission signals by carrier aggregation at the respective first and second frequency bands simultaneously.

Abstract: A method for measuring the temperature dependency of a sensor element for a variable, the value of which varies with the temperature, for any liquid. The method includes the steps of changing the temperature of the liquid over time, simultaneously collecting the data produced by the sensor element, and thereafter using the data produced by the sensor element at the different temperatures to determine coefficients for compensation algorithms of the temperature dependencies of the sensor element, thus producing a correlation between the change in temperature and the other measured variables.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for measurement of total water content in a liquid. According to the method, the relative water content (aw) of the liquid is measured in a first measurement step at a first temperature (T1). According to the invention, the temperature of the liquid under measurement is altered from the first temperature (T1) and the relative water content is measured in a second measurement step at the second, altered temperature (T2), whereby, based on these at least two measurement values (aw(1)T1, aw(2)T2), the total water content is determined from the temperature dependence of water dissolution into the liquid under measurement.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the water content of a liquid, including a method step for electrically measuring the property of the liquid for one parameter. The properties of the liquid are measured at least substantially simultaneously by another electrical method, where the properties of the liquid are measured using both a relative-value and an absolute-value measurement method.