Abstract: A seal of a fastening element, having the fastening element and a washer, wherein the fastening element and the washer are arranged coaxially and axially adjacent to one another, wherein the washer has a sealing bead of a rubber-elastic sealing material on the outer circumference, and wherein the sealing bead contacts the fastening element underside in a sealing manner during the correct use of the seal. The fastening element has a flange on the underside, which axially faces the washer, wherein the a washer top side axially faces the flange, wherein the flange underside and the washer top side abut in a sealing manner during the correct use of the seal, wherein the flange underside and the washer top side are substantially congruent, and wherein the sealing bead abuts the outer circumferential boundary of the flange underside in a sealing manner.

Abstract: A seal of a fastening element, having the fastening element and a washer, wherein the fastening element and the washer are arranged coaxially and axially adjacent to one another, wherein the washer has a sealing bead of a rubber-elastic sealing material on the outer circumference, and wherein the sealing bead contacts the fastening element underside in a sealing manner during the correct use of the seal. The fastening element has a flange on the underside, which axially faces the washer, wherein the a washer top side axially faces the flange, wherein the flange underside and the washer top side abut in a sealing manner during the correct use of the seal, wherein the flange underside and the washer top side are substantially congruent, and wherein the sealing bead abuts the outer circumferential boundary of the flange underside in a sealing manner.

Abstract: The use of free, extractable lipids found in bacteria for identification of bacterial species and subspecies is described. Bacteria have been found to differ sufficiently in their extracted lipid compositions to effect identification using thin layer chromatographic techniques. Burkholderia pseudomallei, Burkholderia thailandensis, and Burkholderia mallei have been distinguished in this manner. Lipopeptides specific to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, but not to the closely related bacterium Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium have also been used as a basis for bacterial subspecies identification using mass spectrometry and seroreactivity.