Abstract: A membrane for water collection may include a sheet having a top surface and a bottom surface, and a plurality of conical structures disposed on the top surface of the sheet, the conical structures comprising a hydrogel material. Each conical structure of the plurality of conical structures may have a height of 1 mm to 50 mm, wherein height is measured from the top surface of the sheet to an apex of a conical structure. Each conical structure of the plurality of conical structures may have an apex angle of 10 to 60 degrees.

Abstract: A scaffold includes struts that intersect at nodes. In some instances, a cross section of the cores has at least one dimension less than 100 microns. The core can be a solid, liquid or a gas. In some instances, one or more shell layers are positioned on the core.

Abstract: A membrane for water collection may include a sheet having a top surface and a bottom surface, and a plurality of conical structures disposed on the top surface of the sheet, the conical structures comprising a hydrogel material. Each conical structure of the plurality of conical structures may have a height of 1 mm to 50 mm, wherein height is measured from the top surface of the sheet to an apex of a conical structure. Each conical structure of the plurality of conical structures may have an apex angle of 10 to 60 degrees.

Abstract: A method of interrogating an electrochemical cell includes: applying a positive direct current to the electrochemical cell for a first time period, wherein the positive direct current is characterized by a first magnitude; applying a negative direct current to the electrochemical cell for a second time period, wherein the negative direct current is characterized by a second magnitude; wherein the first and second time periods have a combined duration of less than 2 seconds; wherein the second magnitude is equal to or within 50% of the first magnitude; recording cell resistance data of the electrochemical cell during each time period; and analyzing the cell resistance data to determine at least one of: (i) state of charge of the electrochemical cell; (ii) state of health of the electrochemical cell; and (iii) the resistance anisotropy of the cell.

Abstract: In an aspect, a method for making a metal-containing material comprises steps of: forming a metal-containing hydrogel from an aqueous precursor mixture using a photopolymerization; wherein the aqueous precursor mixture comprises water, one or more aqueous photosensitive binders, and one or more aqueous metal salts; and thermally treating the metal-containing hydrogel to form the metal-containing material; wherein the metal-containing hydrogel is exposed to a thermal-treatment atmosphere during the step of thermally treating; wherein a composition of the metal-containing material is at least partially determined by a composition of the thermal-treatment atmosphere during the thermally treating step.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a scalable and reproducible process to create complex 3D metal materials with sub-micron features by applying lithographic methods to transparent metal- or inorganic-rich polymer resins.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions having a porous, architected three-dimensional geometry that are tiled to achieve increased surface area and/or volume. The tiled compositions include a plurality of tiles having seams where one of the plurality of tiles contacts an adjacent tile. Also provided herein are methods and systems for making the compositions.

Abstract: In an aspect, a method for making a metal-containing material comprises steps of: forming a metal-containing hydrogel from an aqueous precursor mixture using a photopolymerization; wherein the aqueous precursor mixture comprises water, one or more aqueous photosensitive binders, and one or more aqueous metal salts; and thermally treating the metal-containing hydrogel to form the metal-containing material; wherein the metal-containing hydrogel is exposed to a thermal-treatment atmosphere during the step of thermally treating; wherein a composition of the metal-containing material is at least partially determined by a composition of the thermal-treatment atmosphere during the thermally treating step.

Abstract: In an aspect, provided herein are low density materials, including shell-based materials, with three-dimensional architectures formed, in part, via self-assembly processes. Shell-based materials of some embodiments exhibit a combination of ultralow density (e.g., ?100 mg cm?3 and optionally ?10 100 mg cm?3) and non-periodic architectures characterized by low defect densities and geometries avoiding stress concentrations. Low density shell based materials of some embodiments have architectures characterized by small curvatures and lack of straight edges providing enhance mechanical response. In some embodiments, for example, the present low density materials, including shell-based materials, providing a combination target mechanical properties including high stiffness-to-density ratios, mechanical resilience and tolerance for deformation.

Abstract: In an aspect, an electrode for an electrochemical cell comprises: a structure having a nano- or micro-architected three-dimensional geometry; said structure comprising one or more active carbon allotrope materials; wherein said structure is characterized by an average density less than or equal to 2.3 g cm?3 and an average specific strength (strength-to-density ratio) greater than or equal to 0.004 GPa g?1 cm3. Also disclosed herein are methods for making an electrode for an electrochemical cell, and methods for making an electrochemical cell.

Abstract: In an aspect, a method for making a metal-containing material comprises steps of: forming a metal-containing hydrogel from an aqueous precursor mixture using a photopolymerization; wherein the aqueous precursor mixture comprises water, one or more aqueous photosensitive binders, and one or more aqueous metal salts; and thermally treating the metal-containing hydrogel to form the metal-containing material; wherein the metal-containing hydrogel is exposed to a thermal-treatment atmosphere during the step of thermally treating; wherein a composition of the metal-containing material is at least partially determined by a composition of the thermal-treatment atmosphere during the thermally treating step.

Abstract: A scaffold includes struts that intersect at nodes. In some instances, a cross section of the cores has at least one dimension less than 100 microns. The core can be a solid, liquid or a gas. In some instances, one or more shell layers are positioned on the core.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to structured compositions, including DNA-functionalized scaffolds, for drug capture, and methods and devices for sequestering chemotherapeutics from physiological fluids using the functionalized scaffolds.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a scalable and reproducible process to create complex 3D metal materials with sub-micron features by applying lithographic methods to transparent metal- or inorganic-rich polymer resins.

Abstract: A scaffold includes struts that intersect at nodes. In some instances, a cross section of the cores has at least one dimension less than 100 microns. The core can be a solid, liquid or a gas. In some instances, one or more shell layers are positioned on the core.

Abstract: In an aspect, a composite material system comprises: a structure having an architected three-dimensional geometry; wherein said three-dimensional geometry is monolithic and deterministic; and a matrix phase; wherein said matrix phase at least partially infiltrates said structure. In some embodiments, the three-dimensional geometry is a nano- or micro-architected three-dimensional geometry.

Abstract: In an aspect, an electrode for an electrochemical cell comprises: a structure having a nano- or micro-architected three-dimensional geometry; said structure comprising one or more active carbon allotrope materials; wherein said structure is characterized by an average density less than or equal to 2.3 g cm?3 and an average specific strength (strength-to-density ratio) greater than or equal to 0.004 GPa g?1 cm3. Also disclosed herein are methods for making an electrode for an electrochemical cell, and methods for making an electrochemical cell.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a scalable and reproducible process to create complex 3D metal materials with sub-micron features by applying lithographic methods to transparent metal- or inorganic-rich polymer resins.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to structured compositions, including DNA-functionalized scaffolds, for drug capture, and methods and devices for sequestering chemotherapeutics from physiological fluids using the functionalized scaffolds.

Abstract: A scaffold includes struts that intersect at nodes. In some instances, a cross section of the cores has at least one dimension less than 100 microns. The core can be a solid, liquid or a gas. In some instances, one or more shell layers are positioned on the core.