Abstract: An air monitoring apparatus includes, in an exemplary embodiment, a housing having at least one fluid passage to permit a fluid to enter the housing, and a constituent detection device positioned in the housing. The detection device includes at least one electrode, a power supply electrically coupled to the at least on electrode, and a logic circuit electrically coupled to the power supply. The logic circuit is configured to detect a change in at least one of impedance magnitude and a phase shift angle magnitude over a range of frequencies when the detection device contacts at least one fluid constituent contained in the fluid flowing into the cartridge through the at least one fluid passage, or when the detection device contacts at least one constituent in a solid whose chemical and/or material properties change as a function of fluid flowing into the housing through the at least one fluid passage.

Abstract: Sterols from the solvent-extracted or distilled neutrals of saponified tall oil pitch are disclosed to be isolated and purified by a process of a liquid-liquid extraction where the hydrocarbon extraction stream is washed with an aqueous methanol solution to remove methanol-soluble impurities by adding the methanol and water, sequentially or as a blend. The resulting hydrocarbon/neutrals/methanol/water solution separates into an upper organic phase and a lower methanol/water phase, which lower phase is removed. The remaining organic phase is allowed to cool to from about 20-30.degree. C., with agitation, to facilitate crystallization of sterols, which crystals are recovered by filtering.

Abstract: The invention relates to polymerizable emulsifiers, methods of preparing the emulsifiers, and latex compositions comprising the emulsifiers. In particular, the invention relates to maleic anhydride propylene sulfonate adducts of rosin and/or fatty acid which can be substituted for the surfactants or emulsifiers traditionally employed in the preparation of butadiene derived latexes.