Abstract: At least certain embodiments of the present invention relate to polyurethane compositions for forming a layer of polyurethane on a textile, fabric or material, such as a flooring fabric or a non-flooring fabric. The compositions comprise the reaction product of castor oil having a water content of less than or equal to about 0.2% by weight; a monol, and an isocyanate, wherein the reactants have a soft segment functionality of about 2.0 to about 2.64. Methods of using the compositions and products including the compositions are also disclosed. At least selected embodiments may provide compositions for use in surface coverings such as floor coverings having a show surface such as a textile or fabric face material in contacting overlying relation to a polyurethane backing with or without additional structures, layers, backings, and/or the like, as well as apparatus, processes, and/or methods for making such surface coverings, uses for such surface coverings, and/or the like.