Abstract: A power line protection system and method are described with a current meter for monitoring the current in the protected power line and a circuit breaker, with the current meter including a sensor, particularly a fiber optic current sensor, for monitoring a direct current component in the current transmitted and an analyzer for testing the direct current component and for generating a fault signal for the circuit breaker.

Abstract: A power line protection system and method are described with a current meter for monitoring the current in the protected power line and a circuit breaker, with the current meter including a sensor, particularly a fiber optic current sensor, for monitoring a direct current component in the current transmitted and an analyser for testing the direct current component and for generating a fault signal for the circuit breaker.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments relates to an optical measurement that determines the temperature in a flame and determines the particle size of the fuel present in the flame. The optical measurement device includes a color camera that measures light information in the flame and outputs measurement results and an evaluation unit that evaluates the measurement results. Further, a coal burning power plant is provided with a multitude of burners that burn milled coal each in a flame and a multitude of optical measurement devices described.

Abstract: An instrument for optically measuring at least one property of a test medium, includes a light source for emission of light, a light management unit for guiding the light onto and/or into and through a detection space in the test medium, a light detection unit for detecting a fraction of the light scattered, reflected or transmitted by the test medium, a power management unit, and a data management unit. The instrument further includes or is coupled to a power source via a source wiring. The power management unit distributes energy from the power source via a buffer wiring to the light source, and via a further wiring to the light detection unit and the data management unit. The data management unit exchanges measurement data via signal wiring with the light detection unit with a receiving unit. The instrument is adapted to be operated in a potentially hazardous environment.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for diagnosis of a flowmeter are disclosed. The method includes thermally coupling a first sensor unit of the flowmeter to a fluid and thermally coupling a second sensor unit of the flowmeter to the fluid. The method also includes actively heating or cooling the first sensor unit by applying power to the first sensor unit such that its temperature is different from the temperature of the fluid, and simultaneously actively heating or cooling the second sensor unit by applying power to the second sensor unit such that its temperature is different from the temperature of the fluid, and typically from the temperature of the first sensor.

Abstract: A system and method utilize model-based control of a froth flotation process for concentrating a desired target mineral from ground ore. The system and method exploit real time information about a surface tension of a pulp or flotation solution including the minerals. The surface tension represents exemplary additional information about the surface chemistry in the flotation process, and as such enables a refinement of a pulp model used in control of the flotation process. Ultimately, operational efficiency of a froth flotation plant is increased.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments relates to an optical measurement that determines the temperature in a flame and determines the particle size of the fuel present in the flame. The optical measurement device includes a color camera that measures light information in the flame and outputs measurement results and an evaluation unit that evaluates the measurement results. Further, a coal burning power plant is provided with a multitude of burners that burn milled coal each in a flame and a multitude of optical measurement devices described.

Abstract: An oxygen concentration measuring device is provided for determining an oxygen concentration of a gas in a sample volume. The device includes an optical device configured for irradiating the sample volume containing oxygen with a first UV radiation intensity, at least one wavelength of which is close to a spectral absorption line of oxygen, a magnetic field generator configured for applying a magnetic field at the sample volume, and a UV light detector configured for measuring a second UV radiation intensity coming from the sample volume. The oxygen concentration in the sample volume is determined on the basis of the applied magnetic field and the measured second UV radiation intensity.

Abstract: An oxygen concentration measuring device is provided for determining an oxygen concentration of a gas in a sample volume. The device includes an optical device configured for irradiating the sample volume containing oxygen with a first UV radiation intensity, at least one wavelength of which is close to a spectral absorption line of oxygen, a magnetic field generator configured for applying a magnetic field at the sample volume, and a UV light detector configured for measuring a second UV radiation intensity coming from the sample volume. The oxygen concentration in the sample volume is determined on the basis of the applied magnetic field and the measured second UV radiation intensity.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for diagnosis of a flowmeter are disclosed. The method includes thermally coupling a first sensor unit of the flowmeter to a fluid and thermally coupling a second sensor unit of the flowmeter to the fluid. The method also includes actively heating or cooling the first sensor unit by applying power to the first sensor unit such that its temperature is different from the temperature of the fluid, and simultaneously actively heating or cooling the second sensor unit by applying power to the second sensor unit such that its temperature is different from the temperature of the fluid, and typically from the temperature of the first sensor.