Abstract: A placement board includes: a main body unit configured to form a flow channel for circulation of a medium for heat exchange and place a workpiece thereon, the main body unit being made of a metallic material; and a heater provided in an outer edge region of the main body unit. A temperature difference between the outer edge region and an inner region of the main body unit at a surface of the main body unit where the workpiece is placed is 20° C. or more in a state where the medium has been caused to circulate through the flow channel.

Abstract: A tertiary amino alcohol, being useful as an emulsifier, is defined by the formula (1) or (2): ##STR1## where R is a C.sub.2 to C.sub.24 straight-chain or branched alkylene group, an alicyclic alkylene group, an aralkylene group or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.p (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.q (where p is 0 or a positive integer and q is a positive integer), R' is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.24 straight-chain or branched alkyl group or an aralkyl group and n is a positive integer of 2 to 50.

Abstract: An N-substituted amine is produced by reacting an alcohol or aldehyde with ammonia, a primary amine or a secondary amine in the presence of a catalyst comprising:(a) (1) copper, (2) a metal selected from the group consisting of chromium, manganese, iron and zinc and (3) a metal of the platinum VIII group;(b) (1) copper, (2) cobalt and (3) a metal of the platinum VIII group;(c) (1) copper, (2) a metal selected from the group consisting of chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and zinc, (3) a metal of the platinum VIII group and (4) a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals; or(d) (1) copper, (2) a metal selected from the group consisting of chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and zinc, (3) a metal of the platinum VIII group and (4) a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, tungsten and molybdenum.