Abstract: In a lining material peeling method of peeling a lining material, which is fixedly formed on a surface of a base material, from the base material, a liquefied fluid which evaporates after injection is injected to a boundary between the base material and the lining material.

Abstract: In a lining material peeling method of peeling a lining material, which is fixedly formed on a surface of a base material, from the base material, a liquefied fluid which evaporates after injection is injected to a boundary between the base material and the lining material.

Abstract: The method for removing an object to be removed is a method for removing an object to be removed in which an object to be removed is removed from a structure including the object to be removed made of a material having fine holes through which a liquid can enter, and a remaining material made of a material having no fine holes through which the liquid can enter and united to the object to be removed, and the method for removing an object to be removed includes: spraying a liquefied fluid that vaporizes after spraying onto the object to be removed.

Abstract: A liquefied fluid supply system is a liquefied fluid supply system of supplying a nozzle with a liquefied fluid that vaporizes after spraying and includes: a supercooler that cools the liquefied fluid to a temperature lower than a saturation temperature thereof and makes the liquefied fluid into a supercooled liquid; and a booster that boosts in pressure the liquefied fluid made into the supercooled liquid by the supercooler and supplies the liquefied fluid to the nozzle.

Abstract: A nozzle unit is configured to inject a liquefied fluid which evaporates after injection, and includes a tubular portion which has a base portion and a distal end portion and in which a flow path configured to guide the liquefied fluid to a part including the distal end portion and the base portion is formed, the distal end portion having an injection opening and being bent or curved and connected to the base portion.

Abstract: In a lining material peeling method of peeling a lining material, which is fixedly formed on a surface of a base material, from the base material, a liquefied fluid which evaporates after injection is injected to a boundary between the base material and the lining material.

Abstract: A welding apparatus includes a table on which first, second and third blanks are to be fixed, a first positioning station where the first and second blanks are fixed on the table, a first welding station where the first and second blanks are welded together at their abutting surfaces, a cutting station where the abutting surface of the first or second blank or both is cut into a predetermined shape, a second positioning station where the third blank is fixed on the table, and a second welding station where the third blank and the first or second blank or the first and second blanks are welded together at their abutting surfaces.

Abstract: In working equipment comprising a table, a positioning station for fixing a workpiece on the table, and a working station for performing a working process on the workpiece, the table includes a stopper for the workpiece to contact, a pressing member for pressing and thereby bringing the workpiece into contact with the stopper, and a fixing device for fixing the workpiece to the table, and the positioning station includes a pressing actuator for moving the pressing member.

Abstract: Welding equipment for performing butt welding on a plurality of blank components B butted against each other includes positioning stations 4 and 6 for positioning the individual blank components, a welding station 2 having a welding head for welding the blank components together, and first and second tables 10 and 12 movable between the welding station 2 and the respective positioning stations 4 and 6. When the first table 10 is moved to the positioning station 4, the second table 12 is moved to the welding station 2, and when the first table 10 is moved to the welding station 2, the second table 12 is moved to the positioning station 6, so that the multiple blank components may be welded together by the welding head to obtain a finished article.

Abstract: A thermal-optical converter which comprises an aqueous solution containing a non-ionic compound with a functional group, a closed vessel for containing the solution and a transparent window fitted to at least one part of the closed vessel which allows the solution to be visible. Because the aqueous solution is transparent at low temperatures and opaque at elevated temperatures, the thermal-optical converter can effect reversible optical changes in accordance with changes in the temperature of the solution.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal device comprising a lyotropic-type cholesteric liquid crystal and an enclosure surrounding the liquid crystal, at least a part of which enclosure is transparent, so that the color of the liquid crystal, varying depending upon the change of temperature, is viewable therethrough. The liquid crystal is a concentrated solution having a concentration of approximately 50 to 85 wt.% of a cellulose derivative in water or an organic solvent. The cellulose derivative has an average polymerization degree of 30 to 600 and a chemical structure such that the --OH groups in the cellulose molecule are at least partially substituted with at least one radical of the following formula to the extent that the mole number (M.S.) of a hydroxyalkylating agent bonded with cellulose, per anhydro glucose unit of the cellulose molecule, is 2.0 to 10.0 at average:-- O -- X -- CHR.sub.1 -- CHR.sub.2 -- O ].sub.m Hwhere X is direct bond or --CO--; and, when X is direct bond, R.sub.1 is H or --CH.sub.3, and R.