Abstract: A raw material fluid treatment plant provided with a raw material reaction apparatus for reacting a raw material fluid to form a reaction gas. The raw material reaction apparatus includes preheaters and a reactor. The preheaters are heat exchangers that perform heat exchange between a second heat transfer medium and the raw material fluid to heat the raw material fluid. The reactor is a heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between a first heat transfer medium differing from the second heat transfer medium and the raw material fluid having been heated by the preheaters to heat and react the raw material fluid.

Abstract: A control device for adjusting an amount of fuel to be supplied to a gas turbine based on a rotational speed of the gas turbine, such that a frequency of electric power output by a power generator that generates electric power using the gas turbine is within a given range, includes a load value acquisition unit configured to acquire a load value that is a value of a load applied to the power generator after cutoff of a part of the load applied to the power generator when the part of the load applied to the power generator is cut off, an arithmetic unit configured to calculate an adjusted value that is a value of the load different from the load value by carrying out an arithmetic operation on the load value and a bias, and a command unit configured to adjust the amount of fuel by outputting a first signal for causing the power generator to output electric power corresponding to the adjusted value.

Abstract: An ammonia decomposition facility includes a heating medium line configured to flow a heating medium heated by heat generated by a gas turbine, an ammonia supply line configured to flow ammonia, an ammonia decomposition device, and an ammonia removal device. The ammonia decomposition device is configured to use heat of the heating medium from the heating medium line, thermally decompose ammonia from the ammonia supply line, and generate a decomposition gas containing hydrogen, nitrogen, and residual ammonia. The ammonia removal device is configured to remove the residual ammonia contained in the decomposition gas from the ammonia decomposition device.

Abstract: A control device for adjusting an amount of fuel to be supplied to a gas turbine based on a rotational speed of the gas turbine, such that a frequency of electric power output by a power generator that generates electric power using the gas turbine is within a given range, includes a load value acquisition unit configured to acquire a load value that is a value of a load applied to the power generator after cutoff of a part of the load applied to the power generator when the part of the load applied to the power generator is cut off, an arithmetic unit configured to calculate an adjusted value that is a value of the load different from the load value by carrying out an arithmetic operation on the load value and a bias, and a command unit configured to adjust the amount of fuel by outputting a first signal for causing the power generator to output electric power corresponding to the adjusted value.

Abstract: A Raman scattered light acquisition device includes an emitting optical system configured to guide excitation light into a fluid, a scattered light window configured to define a part of a flow path of the fluid and through which Raman scattered light from the fluid irradiated with the excitation light passes, and a scattered light receiving device having a light receiving surface receiving Raman scattered light passed through the scattered light window. The scattered light window and the light receiving surface of the scattered light receiving device are disposed at a position in which they are separated from an optical axis in the fluid in a radial direction within a range in which an optical path of the excitation light in the fluid is present in an optical axis direction in which the optical axis in the fluid which is an optical axis of the excitation light in the fluid extends.

Abstract: An ammonia decomposition facility includes a heating medium line configured to flow a heating medium heated by heat generated by a gas turbine, an ammonia supply line configured to flow ammonia, an ammonia decomposition device, and an ammonia removal device. The ammonia decomposition device is configured to use heat of the heating medium from the heating medium line, thermally decompose ammonia from the ammonia supply line, and generate a decomposition gas containing hydrogen, nitrogen, and residual ammonia. The ammonia removal device is configured to remove the residual ammonia contained in the decomposition gas from the ammonia decomposition device.

Abstract: A raw material fluid treatment plant provided with a raw material reaction apparatus for reacting a raw material fluid to form a reaction gas. The raw material reaction apparatus includes preheaters and a reactor. The preheaters are heat exchangers that perform heat exchange between a second heat transfer medium and the raw material fluid to heat the raw material fluid. The reactor is a heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between a first heat transfer medium differing from the second heat transfer medium and the raw material fluid having been heated by the preheaters to heat and react the raw material fluid.

Abstract: A Raman scattered light acquisition device includes an emitting optical system configured to guide excitation light into a fluid, a scattered light window configured to define a part of a flow path of the fluid and through which Raman scattered light from the fluid irradiated with the excitation light passes, and a scattered light receiving device having a light receiving surface receiving Raman scattered light passed through the scattered light window. The scattered light window and the light receiving surface of the scattered light receiving device are disposed at a position in which they are separated from an optical axis in the fluid in a radial direction within a range in which an optical path of the excitation light in the fluid is present in an optical axis direction in which the optical axis in the fluid which is an optical axis of the excitation light in the fluid extends.

Abstract: The gas turbine system has: a gas turbine having a compressor, a combustor, and a turbine; a fuel supply mechanism for supplying fuel to the combustor; a composition detection unit for detecting the composition of the fuel; and a controller for controlling the flow rate of the fuel supplied from the fuel supply mechanism to the combustor, on the basis of a function of the exhaust temperature of exhaust gas passing through the turbine and either air pressure of air expelled from the compressor to the combustor or an expansion ratio of the turbine. The controller calculates the specific heat ratio of the combustion gas from the composition of the fuel detected by the composition detection unit, corrects the function on the basis of the calculated specific heat ratio, and controls the flow rate of the fuel on the basis of the corrected function.

Abstract: A difluorophosphate effective as an additive for a nonaqueous electrolyte for secondary battery is produced by a simple method from inexpensive common materials. The difluorophosphate is produced by reacting lithium hexafluorophosphate with a carbonate in a nonaqueous solvent. The liquid reaction mixture resulting from this reaction is supplied for providing the difluorophosphate in a nonaqueous electrolyte comprising a nonaqueous solvent which contains at least a hexafluorophosphate as an electrolyte lithium salt and further contains a difluorophosphate. Also provided is a nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery employing this nonaqueous electrolyte.

Abstract: The gas turbine system has: a gas turbine having a compressor, a combustor, and a turbine; a fuel supply mechanism for supplying fuel to the combustor; a composition detection unit for detecting the composition of the fuel; and a controller for controlling the flow rate of the fuel supplied from the fuel supply mechanism to the combustor, on the basis of a function of the exhaust temperature of exhaust gas passing through the turbine and either air pressure of air expelled from the compressor to the combustor or an expansion ratio of the turbine. The controller calculates the specific heat ratio of the combustion gas from the composition of the fuel detected by the composition detection unit, corrects the function on the basis of the calculated specific heat ratio, and controls the flow rate of the fuel on the basis of the corrected function.

Abstract: A difluorophosphate effective as an additive for a nonaqueous electrolyte for secondary battery is produced by a simple method from inexpensive common materials. The difluorophosphate is produced by reacting lithium hexafluorophosphate with a carbonate in a nonaqueous solvent. The liquid reaction mixture resulting from this reaction is supplied for providing the difluorophosphate in a nonaqueous electrolyte comprising a nonaqueous solvent which contains at least a hexafluorophosphate as an electrolyte lithium salt and further contains a difluorophosphate. Also provided is a nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery employing this nonaqueous electrolyte.

Abstract: In a method for operating a gas compressor which compresses gas whose supply conditions change and which is equipped with an intake-flow regulating mechanism, a limit pressure ratio that defines the operational upper limit of the pressure ratio relative to the intake flow rate of the gas compressor or the degree of opening of the intake-flow regulating mechanism to prevent surging in the gas compressor is corrected by multiplying a reference limit pressure ratio calculated from the design conditions of the gas compressor by a first correction factor calculated depending on a detected operating-state value of the gas compressor.

Abstract: In a method for operating a gas compressor which compresses gas whose supply conditions change and which is equipped with an intake-flow regulating mechanism, a limit pressure ratio that defines the operational upper limit of the pressure ratio relative to the intake flow rate of the gas compressor or the degree of opening of the intake-flow regulating mechanism to prevent surging in the gas compressor is corrected by multiplying a reference limit pressure ratio calculated from the design conditions of the gas compressor by a first correction factor calculated depending on a detected operating-state value of the gas compressor.

Abstract: A difluorophosphate effective as an additive for a nonaqueous electrolyte for secondary battery is produced by a simple method from inexpensive common materials. The difluorophosphate is produced by reacting lithium hexafluorophosphate with a carbonate in a nonaqueous solvent. The liquid reaction mixture resulting from this reaction is supplied for providing the difluorophosphate in a nonaqueous electrolyte comprising a nonaqueous solvent which contains at least a hexafluorophosphate as an electrolyte lithium salt and further contains a difluorophosphate. Also provided is a nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery employing this nonaqueous electrolyte.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing a force sensor including: a force sensor chip; and an attenuator, in which the force sensor chip and the attenuator are joined at joint portions with a glass layer sandwiched therebetween. The method includes: a film forming step in which a glass film as the glass layer is formed on regions of the attenuator containing the joint portions or on regions of the force sensor chip containing the joint portions; and an anodic bonding step in which the force sensor chip and the attenuator are stacked as a stacked body in close contact with each other at the joint portions, and the glass film and the force sensor chip, or the glass film and the attenuator, are joined.

Abstract: A method and device for fuel cell heat and water management is provided. A thermally and electrically conductive hydrophilic heat and mass transport element is provided to the fuel cell spanning from inside to outside the cell. The transport element is deposited between current collector and gas diffusion layers, where heat is transported along the transport element from an interior portion of the element inside the cell to an exterior portion of the element outside the cell. Liquid water is transported along the element into or out of the cell, and heat is removed from the exterior portion by any combination of radiation, free convection and forced convection, and where the liquid water is removed from the exterior portion by any combination of convection driven evaporation and advection. The water is added to the cell from the exterior to the interior by any combination of advection and capillary wicking.

Abstract: Water flooding at the cathode of a fuel cell is a common problem in fuel cells. By integrating an electroosmotic (EO) pump to remove product water from the cathode area, fuel cell power can be increased. Integration of EO pumps transforms the designs of air channel and air breathing cathodes, reducing air pumping power loads and increasing oxidant transport. Hydration of gas streams, management of liquid reactants, and oxidant delivery can also be accomplished with integrated electroosmotic pumps. Electroosmotic pumps have no moving parts, can be integrated as a layer of the fuel cell, and scale with centimeter to micron scale fuel cells.

Abstract: A simple, inexpensive and highly efficient fuel cell has boundary structures made of a photo-sensitive material in combination with selective patterning. Printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication techniques combine boundary structures with two and three dimensional electrical flow path. Photo-sensitive material and PCB fabrication techniques are alternately or combined utilized for making micro-channel structures or micro stitch structures for substantially reducing dead zones of the diffusion layer while keeping fluid flow resistance to a minimum. The fuel cell assembly is free of mechanical clamping elements. Adhesives that may be conductively contaminated and/or fiber-reinforced provide mechanical and eventual electrical connections, and sealing within the assembly. Mechanically supporting backing layers are pre-fabricated with a natural bend defined in combination with the backing layers' elasticity to eliminate massive support plates and assist the adhesive bonding.

Abstract: In a fuel cell assembly (100, 200), a diffusion layer (113, 114, 201) comprises an electroconductive film (133, 133a, 133b) formed integrally with a separator (115, 116, 115a) so as to form a unitary separator-diffusion layer assembly (130, 131, 130a, 203). The electroconductive film of the diffusion layer can be formed on the separator by a process comprising physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, spin coating, sputtering or screen printing.