Abstract: The prevent invention provides a tunnel excavation apparatus including: an excavation part configured to excavate a tunnel; a path part installed on a bottom of an excavation surface of the tunnel; an expanded blasting part configured to expand the tunnel; a protective shield part installed to protect the inside of the tunnel between the excavation part and the expanded blasting part; and an expansion part installed on the protective shield part to block a gap between the tunnel and the protective shield part and including an expansion tube provided as a plurality of layers, and the expansion part installed in the protective shield part may be improved in durability to stably block a gap between the tunnel and the protective shield part.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a composition for antiobesity, which contains a Gynostemma pentaphyllum tea or a Gynostemma pentaphyllum tea extract as an active ingredient. The composition of the present disclosure, which contains a Gynostemma pentaphyllum tea or a Gynostemma pentaphyllum tea extract as an active ingredient, is effective for preventing, alleviating or treating diabetes, obesity, muscle loss, etc. since it exhibits the efficacy of increasing AMPK activity, promoting beta oxidation, promoting glucose uptake, etc. In addition, since the composition of the present disclosure is derived from a natural product, it can be safely used as a drug, food, etc. without side effects.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a fault localization method and a fault localization apparatus in a Passive Optical Network (PON) and a passive optical network having the same. A fault localization method in PON according to the present invention comprises a) configuring an optical path of a remote node (RN) selectively by electric power being fed temporarily only when necessary, while the PON is regularly being operated as a passive network; and b) detecting a fault occurring on the selectively configured optical path by inserting a monitoring signal of an OTDR unit, which is positioned in a central office (CO), through the selectively configured optical path.