Abstract: A battery system includes: a battery pack including a plurality of battery cells; and a battery management system for setting numbers to the battery cells by measuring cell voltages of the respective battery cells at a wake-up time, detecting a maximum cell voltage and a minimum cell voltage by periodically measuring the cell voltage of the respective battery cells after the wake-up, comparing the minimum cell voltage and the cell voltage of at least one first diagnosis target battery cell, comparing the maximum cell voltage and the cell voltage of at least one second diagnosis target battery cell, and diagnosing whether the diagnosis target battery cell is abnormal according to results of the comparison.

Abstract: The invention provides an immunogenic molecular entity and related vaccines that can be used to inhibit Gram-positive bacterial quorum sensing, prevent infection or development of a disease condition associated with a Gram-positive bacterial infection. The invention also provides methods of inhibiting Gram-positive bacterial quorum sensing, and methods of preventing infection or development of a disease condition associated with a Gram-positive bacterial infection.

Abstract: The invention provides an immunogenic molecular entity, a supramolecular assembly, and an antibody that can be used to inhibit Gram-positive bacterial quorum sensing, prevent infection or development of a disease condition associated with a Gram-positive bacterial infection. The invention also provides methods of inhibiting Gram-positive bacterial quorum sensing, and methods of preventing infection or development of a disease condition associated with a Gram-positive bacterial infection.

Abstract: The invention provides an immunogenic molecular entity, a supramolecular assembly, and an antibody that can be used to inhibit Gram-positive bacterial quorum sensing, prevent infection or development of a disease condition associated with a Gram-positive bacterial infection. The invention also provides methods of inhibiting Gram-positive bacterial quorum sensing, and methods of preventing infection or development of a disease condition associated with a Gram-positive bacterial infection.

Abstract: Methods of inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and Src homology 2 domains (SH2) using neutral phosphotyrosine (pY) mimetics (PTP inhibitors) are provided. Neutral pY mimetics, or PTP inhibitors comprising an aldehyde or mono-ketone substituted aryl group are also provided. Substituents on the aryl groups of the PTP inhibitors provide further affinity for particular PTPs. PTP inhibitors comprising a reactive tripeptide substituent are also provided. Methods of using the neutral, reversible inhibitors as probes for studying the physiological functions of PTPs and SH2 domains are also provided. Methods of treating type II diabetes and obesity by administering a neutral pY mimetic that selectively and reversibly binds with PTP1B are also provided.