Abstract: Choline alfoscerate is a drug used to improve cerebrovascular diseases and brain metabolism. It is a drug with proven safety, which has no effect on the kidney and liver and with no severe side effect reported. When administered to a patient with muscle cramps, it can significantly reduce pain and the occurrence of muscle cramps. Accordingly, it may be used as an active ingredient in a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing muscle cramps and a health functional food composition for improving muscle cramps and may also be used for a method for treating muscle cramps by administering choline alfoscerate. In addition, choline alfoscerate may also be used to prepare a medication for treating muscle cramps.

Abstract: A light emitting diode display apparatus includes: a substrate; a driving element region which is formed on the substrate and in which a plurality of driving elements are arranged in a matrix form; and an emitting element region in which a plurality of emitting elements are arranged in a matrix form, wherein the emitting element includes a first electrode which corresponds to each driving element and is electrically connected to each driving element, a second electrode corresponding to the first electrode, and an emitting layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein an area of the emitting element region is greater than an area of the driving element region.

Abstract: Choline alfoscerate is useful for treating cognitive dysfunction associated with cerebrovascular diseases and degenerative brain diseases. It is a drug with proven safety, which has no effect on the kidney and liver and with no severe side effect reported. When administered to a patient with neuropathic pain, it can significantly reduce the pain intensity and the occurrence of neuropathic pain. Accordingly, it may be used as an active ingredient in a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing neuropathic pain and a health functional food composition for improving neuropathic pain and may also be used for a method for treating neuropathic pain by administering choline alfoscerate. In addition, choline alfoscerate may also be used to prepare a medication for treating neuropathic pain.

Abstract: Choline alfoscerate is a drug used to improve cerebrovascular diseases and brain metabolism. It is a drug with proven safety, which has no effect on the kidney and liver and with no severe side effect reported. When administered to a patient with muscle cramps, it can significantly reduce pain and the occurrence of muscle cramps. Accordingly, it may be used as an active ingredient in a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing muscle cramps and a health functional food composition for improving muscle cramps and may also be used for a method for treating muscle cramps by administering choline alfoscerate. In addition, choline alfoscerate may also be used to prepare a medication for treating muscle cramps.

Abstract: Choline alfoscerate is useful for treating cognitive dysfunction associated with cerebrovascular diseases and degenerative brain diseases. It is a drug with proven safety, which has no effect on the kidney and liver and with no severe side effect reported. When administered to a patient with neuropathic pain, it can significantly reduce the pain intensity and the occurrence of neuropathic pain. Accordingly, it may be used as an active ingredient in a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing neuropathic pain and a health functional food composition for improving neuropathic pain and may also be used for a method for treating neuropathic pain by administering choline alfoscerate. In addition, choline alfoscerate may also be used to prepare a medication for treating neuropathic pain.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for stopping power supply to a radio frequency identification (RFID) system. The apparatus includes: a power supplier supplying power to a high RFID tag; an input unit rectifying and boosting an input predetermined frequency band signal and outputting a direct-current (DC) voltage signal; a wake-up determiner comparing a voltage of the DC voltage signal output from the input unit with a predetermined reference voltage and outputting a HIGH signal or a LOW signal; and a switch stopping power supply to the high RFID tag if the wake-up determiner outputs the LOW signal.

Abstract: Provided are an aqueous electrolyte composition including hydrophilic microparticles and a sealed-type primary film battery including an electrolyte layer formed of the aqueous electrolyte composition. In the sealed-type primary film battery, a separation film is interposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and has a plurality of through-holes. A non-flowable electrolyte layer interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode includes first and second electrolyte layers extending parallel to the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a plurality of third electrolyte layers filled in the through-holes of the separation film so as to be integrally connected to the first electrolyte layer and the second electrolyte layer. Due to the third electrolyte layers filled in the through-holes of the separation film, an ion transfer path in the electrolyte layer is shortened.

Abstract: Provided is a data storing apparatus and method for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags with sensors. The apparatus includes: a first storing block which includes a kill password storage and an access password storage; a second storing block which includes an Electronic Product Code (EPC) storage, a protocol control storage, and an error check storage storing a Cyclic Redundancy Checking (CRC) code for detecting a transmission error; a third storing block which includes a tag identifier storage storing a tag identifier including a manufacture model and a serial number of the tag; and a fourth storing block which includes an initial sensor data storage storing initial information of the sensor, a real-time information storage, a maximum/minimum data storage storing maximum/minimum values, a sensor data storage storing sensing data actually measured through the sensor embedded in the RFID tag.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for stopping power supply to a radio frequency identification (RFID) system. The apparatus includes: a power supplier supplying power to a high RFID tag; an input unit rectifying and boosting an input predetermined frequency band signal and outputting a direct-current (DC) voltage signal; a wake-up determiner comparing a voltage of the DC voltage signal output from the input unit with a predetermined reference voltage and outputting a HIGH signal or a LOW signal; and a switch stopping power supply to the high RFID tag if the wake-up determiner outputs the LOW signal.

Abstract: Provided are an aqueous electrolyte composition including hydrophilic microparticles and a sealed-type primary film battery including an electrolyte layer formed of the aqueous electrolyte composition. In the sealed-type primary film battery, a separation film is interposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and has a plurality of through-holes. A non-flowable electrolyte layer interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode includes first and second electrolyte layers extending parallel to the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a plurality of third electrolyte layers filled in the through-holes of the separation film so as to be integrally connected to the first electrolyte layer and the second electrolyte layer. Due to the third electrolyte layers filled in the through-holes of the separation film, an ion transfer path in the electrolyte layer is shortened.

Abstract: Provided is a data storing apparatus and method for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags with sensors. The apparatus includes: a first storing block which includes a kill password storage and an access password storage; a second storing block which includes an Electronic Product Code (EPC) storage, a protocol control storage, and an error check storage storing a Cyclic Redundancy Checking (CRC) code for detecting a transmission error; a third storing block which includes a tag identifier storage storing a tag identifier including a manufacture model and a serial number of the tag; and a fourth storing block which includes an initial sensor data storage storing initial information of the sensor, a real-time information storage, a maximum/minimum data storage storing maximum/minimum values, a sensor data storage storing sensing data actually measured through the sensor embedded in the RFID tag.