Abstract: A method of producing a GaAs wafer having excellent OF orientation stability even in a GaAs wafer having an off angle, and a GaAs wafer group are provided. A method of producing a GaAs wafer includes: a grinding step of grinding a peripheral surface of a GaAs ingot including formation of a provisional orientation flat; a slicing step of slicing the GaAs ingot after the grinding step to cut out a material wafer having an off angle; and a cleaving step of applying marking to the material wafer according to an orientation of an orientation flat determined based on the provisional orientation flat and cleaving the material wafer toward a peripheral surface of the material wafer from the marking to form the orientation flat.

Abstract: A wafer group facilitates securing uniformity of products manufactured from the wafer group whose composition varies among wafers. A technique excludes uncertain factors in forming OF, forming OF with extremely high probability and extremely high accuracy, the wafer group being constituted by a plurality of wafers obtained from the same ingot, with all wafers having an orientation flat (OF), wherein the wafer group is constituted by 70 or more wafers, and in the OF orientation accuracy of the wafer group represented by an angle, the OF orientation accuracy in each wafer is within ±0.010°.

Abstract: A wafer group facilitates securing uniformity of products manufactured from the wafer group whose composition varies among wafers. A technique excludes uncertain factors in forming OF, forming OF with extremely high probability and extremely high accuracy, the wafer group being constituted by a plurality of wafers obtained from the same ingot, with all wafers having an orientation flat (OF), wherein the wafer group is constituted by 70 or more wafers, and in the OF orientation accuracy of the wafer group represented by an angle, the OF orientation accuracy in each wafer is within ±0.010°.

Abstract: A vehicular electronic control device activated according to an on-state signal from a main switch and a wake-up signal from an external device includes: a microcomputer; a voltage generating circuit for the microcomputer; a start circuit that generates the operation voltage with the voltage generating circuit when the on-state signal or the wake-up signal input; a printed wiring board; and a transmission wiring pattern that transmits the on-state signal. A first region of the board mounts the microcomputer and the voltage generating circuit, which activate the vehicular electronic control device when the main switch turns on. A second region of the board mounts the start circuit, which activates the vehicular electronic control device according to the wake-up signal. The transmission wiring pattern extends from the first region to reach the second region.

Abstract: An electronic control device for executing fundamental and additional functions includes: a fundamental circuit element that executes the fundamental function; an additional circuit element that executes the additional function; and a printed wiring board having a rectangular shape divided into first and second regions. The fundamental circuit element is mounted in the first region, and the additional circuit element is mounted in the second region. The fundamental circuit element includes an operation voltage generating circuit for supplying an operation voltage to at least a part of the fundamental and additional circuit elements and a bypass capacitor for functioning for the additional circuit element. The bypass capacitor is connected to a power source wiring pattern for supplying the operation voltage to the additional circuit element. The bypass capacitor is arranged in the first region at a position nearer the second region than the operation voltage generating circuit.

Abstract: A vehicular electronic control device activated according to an on-state signal from a main switch and a wake-up signal from an external device includes: a microcomputer; a voltage generating circuit for the microcomputer; a start circuit that generates the operation voltage with the voltage generating circuit when the on-state signal or the wake-up signal input; a printed wiring board; and a transmission wiring pattern that transmits the on-state signal. A first region of the board mounts the microcomputer and the voltage generating circuit, which activate the vehicular electronic control device when the main switch turns on. A second region of the board mounts the start circuit, which activates the vehicular electronic control device according to the wake-up signal. The transmission wiring pattern extends from the first region to reach the second region.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a multilayer substrate including a plurality of layers of conductors. The multilayer substrate has a first region and a second region divided in a planar direction of the multilayer substrate. The first region is provided with a main circuit that realizes a predetermined function. The second region is provided to have an additional circuit for adding a function to the predetermined function therein. The first region includes a first wiring for electrically connecting the main circuit to the additional circuit and a connecting portion disposed at an end of the first region adjacent to the second region and extending in the multilayer substrate to correspond to all of the conductors layered to electrically connect the first wiring to any of the conductors. The main circuit is connectable with the additional circuit through the first wiring and the connecting portion.

Abstract: An electronic control device for executing fundamental and additional functions includes: a fundamental circuit element that executes the fundamental function; an additional circuit element that executes the additional function; and a printed wiring board having a rectangular shape divided into first and second regions. The fundamental circuit element is mounted in the first region, and the additional circuit element is mounted in the second region. The fundamental circuit element includes an operation voltage generating circuit for supplying an operation voltage to at least a part of the fundamental and additional circuit elements and a bypass capacitor for functioning for the additional circuit element. The bypass capacitor is connected to a power source wiring pattern for supplying the operation voltage to the additional circuit element. The bypass capacitor is arranged in the first region at a position nearer the second region than the operation voltage generating circuit.

Abstract: In a load drive control system containing a control apparatus and a drive apparatus which drives a load in accordance with a drive control signal supplied from the control apparatus, a single signal produced from the control apparatus serves both as the drive control signal and as a power supply enabling control signal for the drive apparatus, without the need to provide an internal DC power supply in the drive apparatus. A switching element in the drive apparatus is controlled to apply a supply voltage from a drive power source to circuits in the drive apparatus only while the drive control signal is being supplied from the control apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus aims at detecting an angle of a rotating shaft as a train of bits. A first signal including a train of pulses corresponding to angle intervals of a rotation of the rotating shaft is inputted to the apparatus, and a second signal including a train of clock pulses whose clock cycle is a positive integer submultiple of a pulse cycle of the first signal is inputted to the apparatus. In the apparatus, a first counter is indicative of a higher-order of the train of bits, and counts up or down in synchronization with the pulse cycle of the first signal. A second counter is indicative of a lower-order of the train of bits, and counts either up or down in synchronization with the clock cycle of the second signal. The second counter is cleared in synchronization with the pulse cycle of the first signal.

Abstract: An apparatus aims at detecting an angle of a rotating shaft as a train of bits. A first signal including a train of pulses corresponding to angle intervals of a rotation of the rotating shaft is inputted to the apparatus, and a second signal including a train of clock pulses whose clock cycle is a positive integer submultiple of a pulse cycle of the first signal is inputted to the apparatus. In the apparatus, a first counter is indicative of a higher-order of the train of bits, and counts up or down in synchronization with the pulse cycle of the first signal. A second counter is indicative of a lower-order of the train of bits, and counts either up or down in synchronization with the clock cycle of the second signal. The second counter is cleared in synchronization with the pulse cycle of the first signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit has a P-channel FET and a diode. The FET and the diode are mounted on a single island of a lead frame so that a drain of the transistor and a cathode of the diode have a common electrical potential. The island is depressed, and a non-chip-mounted surface of the island is exposed from the undersurface of a package.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit has a P-channel FET and a diode. The FET and the diode are mounted on a single island of a lead frame so that a drain of the transistor and a cathode of the diode have a common electrical potential. The island is depressed, and a non-chip-mounted surface of the island is exposed from the undersurface of a package.

Abstract: In a load drive control system containing a control apparatus and a drive apparatus which drives a load in accordance with a drive control signal supplied from the control apparatus, a single signal produced from the control apparatus serves both as the drive control signal and as a power supply enabling control signal for the drive apparatus, without the need to provide an internal DC power supply in the drive apparatus. A switching element in the drive apparatus is controlled to apply a supply voltage from a drive power source to circuits in the drive apparatus only while the drive control signal is being supplied from the control apparatus.

Abstract: A vehicle cooling apparatus having a simple construction that enables the size of a cooling fan electric motor to be reduced without the need to increase the number of batteries provided for driving the motor. The cooling fan provides necessary cooling for an engine radiator and an air-conditioning system condenser by driving the motor at an input power lower than its rated power by a predetermined amount until the temperature of the engine cooling water reaches a predetermined temperature. If the water temperature rises above the predetermined temperature, the electric motor input power is increased to a level greater than its rated input power for a predetermined time period. As a result, cooling capacity can be increased and the water temperature can be lowered with a smaller motor when the water temperature has become abnormally high. Because the electric motor is normally driven at an input power lower than its rated input power, the life of the electric motor is increased.

Abstract: A vehicle cooling system including a motor control apparatus that controls operation of a system motor when a cooling fan driven by the motor locks due to foreign matter interference or freezing. When motor input current is detected to be overcurrent, the controller limits the current flow. When current flowing to the electric motor is detected to be overcurrent and ambient air temperature is at or above a predetermined temperature, the controller stops energization of the motor. Thus, when the cooling fan freezes and locks, energization of the motor is maintained until ambient air temperature reaches or exceeds the predetermined temperature. Therefore, when the frozen-locked state is eliminated due to a subsequent temperature rise, an ordinary operating state can again be obtained without the controller subsequently detecting surge current, generated as a result of the motor being re-started from a fully stopped state, as overcurrent and therefore incorrectly stopping motor energization.

Abstract: A pump control apparatus is disclosed which is of a small size, quietly operates and has a small number of signal output lines without loosing the fuel pump stopping function upon engine stall. This control apparatus of the invention includes a computer 5 which provides a signal output line 9 with an off-signal that is equal to the potential of a body 7 of a vehicle upon engine stop, and which provides the signal output line 9 with a drive signal that is higher in potential than the off-signal upon engine operation. This control apparatus further includes an FET 12 which is connected in series with a power supply line 8 and a fuel pump 4 and which, when receiving the drive signal, changes the terminal voltage of the fuel pump 4 in accordance with the input drive signal, and when receiving a voltage corresponding to the off-signal, stops the fuel pump 4.

Abstract: A semiconductor element mounted on a substrate is sealed with a silicone gel which has a complex modulus of elasticity such that breakage of solder bumps due to thermal fatique occurs preferentially by shear stress thereto due to a difference between thermal expansion coefficients of the semiconductor element and the substrate, not by tension thereto due to thermal expansion of the silicone gel between the semiconductor element and the substrate.