Abstract: An infrared detector includes an outer cylinder having an infrared permeable window and an inner cylinder accommodated in the outer cylinder. The inner cylinder has an end surface, a cylindrical side surface, and an annular tapering surface formed between the end surface and the cylindrical side surface. The annular tapering surface has a diameter continuously decreasing toward the end surface. A multiple element type infrared sensor is mounted on the end surface of the inner cylinder, the infrared sensor having a plurality of output electrodes. A cryogenic cooling arrangement is provided for cooling the infrared sensor to low temperatures, and a signal fetching arrangement is provided for carrying a signal detected by the infrared sensor, the signal fetching arrangement including wiring patterns formed on the end surface, the tapering surface and the cylindrical side surface of the inner cylinder.

Abstract: An infrared radiation (IR) detector includes a cold shield consisting of (a) a light shielding portion having a substrate made of an infrared transmissive material, an infrared absorbing layer formed on one surface of the substrate, a dielectric layer formed on the infrared absorbing layer and an infrared reflecting layer formed on the dielectric layer, and (b) an opening portion consisting of a substrate made of an infrared transmissive material and a dielectric layer formed on the one surface of the substrate. The substrate and the dielectric layer are connected and generally continuous between the light shielding portion and the opening portion. The IR detector also includes an infrared detector array having a detective area arranged just below the opening portion of the cold shield.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing glass for an optical transmission body includes the steps of precipitating an oxide of a glass forming element by the hydrolysis reaction of a halogen compound of the glass forming element in the liquid phase, adding phosphoric acid to the precipitate to produce a phosphate, removing the water from the phosphate and vitrifying the phosphate by heating.

Abstract: Optical transmission line glass includes phosphorus pentoxide and germanium dioxide as the major glass forming oxides and gallium trioxide for waterproofing and refractive index control. A method of manufacture of such glass material utilizes a gas phase chemical reaction.

Abstract: A nematic liquid crystal composition, including p-methoxybenzylidene-p'-n-butylaniline, p-butoxybenzylidene-p'-n-butylaniline and bis(p'-n-octyloxy benzylidene)-chloro-p-phenylenediamine, has desirable thermodynamic properties, including a nematic mesophase over a wide temperature range, and also has a high dynamic scattering contrast ratio.