Abstract: A process and the required technical arrangement has been developed to produce single crystal solar panels or otherwise used semiconductors, which starts with the raw material to produce single crystal copper ribbons, extruded directly from the melt, with unharmed and optical surfaces onto which in the next unit a silicon or germanium film will be deposited. In the next unit the copper ribbon will be removed from the silicon film, whilst a hard plastic support or ceramic support is mounted, leaving copper contours on the silicon film to be used as electrical conductors or contacts. In the next unit a thin film is deposited of II-VI-compounds that enhance the infrared sensitivity of the base film of silicon or germanium up to 56% of the incoming light. This technology guarantees the lowest possible cost in production of the highest possible efficiency of materials for infrared applications and also for electronic applications.

Abstract: A polished high-intensity reflector of copper, silver or gold for laser applications. In contrast to known mirrors of electrolytic copper whose surface is permeated with grain interfaces, this new mirror is constituted by the surface of single crystals. This surface may be polished. Alternatively this surface may be formed by copper single crystals etched in the (100)- or (111)-orientation planes. In the latter case crystallites making up the surface contain etching pits each of which form small spherical mirrors of their own. Mirrors with etched surface withstand higher laser energies than mirrors with polished surface. As a shield protecting against laser beams several single crystal mirrors may be combined in arrays. The reflecting surface may be either flat or curved.

Abstract: The funnel- or bowl-shaped insert for hollow charges consists of a hollow body (10) which is produced and shaped from a copper monocrystal obtained through crystal growth. The growth orientation is the (111) main orientation. It coincides with the longitudinal axis of the hollow body. For production using the Bridgman zone melting process a mould is proposed consisting of an inner and outer mould section (18, 20). Both mould sections may be moved axially in relation to each other and will be brought into their terminal position determined by stop (26) during the melting process.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing uniformly smooth monocrystal reflectors of copper, silver or gold for laser application using a crucible polished to optical quality on the surface in contact with the reflecting surface of the monocrystal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for the manufacture of monocrystal reflectors of copper, silver or gold for laser applications according to . . . patent application No. P 32 29 697.5-51 as well as reflectors manufactured according to this process.