Abstract: In a surgery lamp with at least one arm which is divided by several uniaxial joints consisting of several parts, a lamp head being fastened to its one end, and its other end is held stationary, the arm has a spring counterbalance for counterbalancing the lamp head when it is moved; the locking of the joints is electrically variable, and the release for adjustment followed by locking is performed through a switch. The joints are constructed with a sealed channel disposed in one joint member concentrically with the joint axis filled with an electroviscous fluid into which projections of the other joint member reach. The annular channel and the members form a pair of poles for the application of a voltage to the electroviscous fluid, whereby the joint members can be rendered relatively immovable.

Abstract: A lighting system, including a light source having a light bulb and a reflector, has an interference filter applied to a portion of the outer surface of the light bulb. The interference filter has a high transparency for visible light and a high reflectivity for infrared radiation. The area of the light bulb that is permeable to infrared radiation is adjacent to an area of the reflector which is made to be infrared-radiation transmitting.

Abstract: To protect the quartz of a quartz glass bulb (2) from attack by alkaline earth oxides emitted from electrodes (6) of the lamp, and prevent deterioration of the quartz in use of the lamp with respect to transmission of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly in the short wave length range of 200 nm to 250 nm, boron silicate glass or glass-like aluminum oxide, or a mixture of boron silicate glass and glass-like aluminum oxide is interposed between the quartz bulb (2) and the electrodes. Boron oxide can be applied to the interior of the quartz bulb, and fired thereon to form, for example, a boron silicate glass layer (4) or diffuse into the quartz glass to form a diffusion layer (4') by suitable selection of firing temperatures. Alternatively, an aperture support element (35, 45) can retain a disk of boron silicate glass or glass-like aluminum oxide positioned between the electrodes and the quartz glass bulb.

Abstract: To simplify separation of infrared (IR) radiation from visible and ultraviolet (UV) radiation emitted from a xenon lamp (2), the lamp is surrounded by a cylindrical filter (1) reflecting IR radiation inwardly of the filter but passing UV and visible spectral radiation therethrough. IR radiation reflected inwardly of the filter is absorbed, in accordance with the invention, by an absorbing surface (5) extending axially longitudinally and diametrically across the cylindrical filter, with the cylinder axis (4) of the filter. An auxiliary surface (9) can be positioned between the radiation source and the adjacent nearer side wall of the filter. Reflected IR radiation (8) can thus be absorbed by the IR absorbing surface, with essentially only UV and visible light radiation passing through the cylindrical filter.

Abstract: A sensor for use in testing the effect on materials of irradiation and weathering uses solar cells (10) to provide power and uses a transmitter (3) to continuously read out its measurements without interrupting the testing process. The sensor features a number of receptor cells (2) for various spectral ranges and a temperature sensor (17), whose measurements are multiplexed and transmitted under the control of a control logic 18. The receptor cells (2), the photo cells (10) and the electronics (16) are all contained in a preferably cylindrical quartz glass tube (4). The self-contained nature of the sensor and the continuous, immediate read-out of measurements eliminate external wiring requirements and speed up the testing process.

Abstract: A light and weather resistance testing apparatus (9) is provided with a sensor (1) located in the plane of the testing samples (14). The sensor (1) uses a transmitter (4) for wireless transmission of signals representing radiation received to an antenna (3) disposed on the wall (8) of the apparatus housing. The sensor (1) has multiple receptor cells (6) for various spectral ranges. The sensor (1) is powered by solar cells (7) located on the sensor housing. A plotter and display unit (13) can be connected to the apparatus for read-out of irradiance and irradiation. The wireless transmission of data from sensors to the display unit permits continuous measurement during rotation of samples and sensor.