Abstract: A method and apparatus that allows an analog waveform to carry multilevel of information is disclosed. This allows information capacity enhancement in pulse decoding communication system by concatenating several information regions in one cycle of analog waveform.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for detecting ultra wide-band signals using circuitry having nonlinear dynamics characteristics are disclosed. The receiver circuit can be implemented using a simple tunnel diode or using an op-amp to provide dynamic characteristics. The detector can be used in a variety of modulation schemes, including but not limited to an ON-OFF keying scheme, an M-ary pulse position modulation scheme, and a pulse width modulation scheme. The approach requires only a single frame to detect the signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for generating output pulses or oscillations in response to input analog waveforms which involves exciting, with a known but arbitrary analog waveform, a circuit with a variable operating point and having a transfer function characterized by an unstable operating region bounded by a first stable operating region and a second stable operating region. The analog waveform is characterized by having a first information region and a second information region. In response to sensing the first and second information regions, the operating point of the circuit is forced into its unstable and stable regions. This produces a sequence of oscillatory and non-oscillatory behavior at the circuit's output.

Abstract: A communication technique includes mapping an information character to two or more subsymbol waveforms to produce an analog waveform. The two or more subsymbol waveforms define the information character. Alternatively, robustness can be achieved wherein each subsymbol waveform represents the information character, so that the information character is redundant in the analog waveform. The likelihood of success in the subsequent decoding of such a waveform to produce the information character is increased due to the redundancy.

Abstract: A multiple receiver approach is disclosed for a pulse decoding communication system, which can enhance system robustness and increase information carrying capacity. Two or more receivers are used to produce groups of pulses from a received signal. In one embodiment, system robustness is enhanced by redundancy. In another embodiment, information capacity is increased by producing independent groups of pulses from one cycle of an analog waveform.

Abstract: A clock multiplication technique includes driving two oscillatory circuits by an input signal. One of the circuits has an inverted input. The oscillatory circuits are characterized by a transfer function having an unstable region bounded by two stable region. Oscillations produced during operation of each of the circuits in the unstable regions are combined to produce a signal whose frequency is a multiple of the input frequency.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating pulses that includes a circuit having a dynamical transfer function is disclosed. The circuitry exhibits oscillatory behavior when its operating point is forced to an unstable region of the transfer function by means of manipulating the transfer function. In an embodiment, a voltage source signal is used to manipulate the transfer function of the circuit. By manipulating the transfer function, the operating points can be dynamically set in the stable or the unstable region.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for detecting ultra wide-band signals using circuitry having nonlinear dynamics characteristics are disclosed. The receiver circuit can be implemented using a simple tunnel diode or using an op-amp to provide dynamic characteristics. The detector can be used in a variety of modulation schemes, including but not limited to an ON-OFF keying scheme, an M-ary pulse position modulation scheme, and a pulse width modulation scheme. The approach requires only a single frame to detect the signal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for detecting phase shift keying (PSK) signals using circuitry having nonlinear dynamics characteristics are disclosed. A receiver circuit can be implemented using a simple tunnel diode or using an op-amp to provide dynamic characteristics comprising an unstable region bounded by a first and a second stable region. The approach is able to decode one information symbol represented by one cycle of the PSK signal. Performance enhancements by signal clipping and weighted pulse counting method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A multiple receiver approach is disclosed for a pulse decoding communication system, which can enhance system robustness and increase information carrying capacity. Two or more receivers are used to produce groups of pulses from a received signal. In one embodiment, system robustness is enhanced by redundancy. In another embodiment, information capacity is increased by producing independent groups of pulses from one cycle of an analog waveform.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for generating output pulses or oscillations in response to input analog waveforms which involves exciting, with a known but arbitrary analog waveform, a circuit with a variable operating point and having a transfer function characterized by an unstable operating region bounded by a first stable operating region and a second stable operating region. The analog waveform is characterized by having a first information region and a second information region. In response to sensing the first and second information regions, the operating point of the circuit is forced into its unstable and stable regions. This produces a sequence of oscillatory and non-oscillatory behavior at the circuit's output.

Abstract: A decoder for generating output pulses or oscillations in response to input analog waveforms includes a circuit having a variable operating point and having a transfer function characterized by an unstable operating region bounded by a first stable operating region and a second stable operating region. In one embodiment, the circuit is characterized by having a resistive input impedance. The analog waveform forces the operating point of the circuit into its unstable and stable regions to produce oscillatory and non-oscillatory behavior at the circuit's output.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for generating output pulses or oscillations in response to input analog waveforms which involves exciting, with a known but arbitrary analog waveform, a circuit with a variable operating point and having a transfer function characterized by an unstable operating region bounded by a first stable operating region and a second stable operating region. The analog waveform is characterized by having a first information region and a second information region. In response to sensing the first and second information regions, the operating point of the circuit is forced into its unstable and stable regions. This produces a sequence of oscillatory and non-oscillatory behavior at the circuit's output.

Abstract: A rectifying antenna circuit for a passive RF transponder comprising a series resonant circuit of an antenna, a voltage rectifier circuit including a diode and a capacitance shunting the diode, the capacitance providing a primary voltage amplification role and the diode providing a rectification and a voltage amplification role.