Abstract: Unsaturated cyclic keto acid may be prepared by cyclizing alken-2-yl dicarboxylic acid anhydride with Lewis acid catalyst in anhydrous Friedel-Craft solvent. Amides of these unsaturated cyclic keto acids useful as friction improvers in lubricating oils, may be prepared by reaction of an amine such as ethanolamine with an unsaturated cyclic keto acid.

Abstract: Reaction of maleic acid anhydride with olefin oligomers is facilitated by reacting the maleic acid anhydride in the form of a dispersion or emulsion in a carrier fluid. This minimizes by-product sludge formation.

Abstract: Amides of unsaturated cyclic keto acids, useful as friction improvers in lubricating oils, may be prepared by reaction of an amine such as ethanolamine with an unsaturated cyclic keto acid.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for coating at least one substrate with an alumina hydrate film includes a coating vessel for containing a caustic coating solution, and at least one support within the coating vessel upon which are mounted substrates and porous containers. The porous containers hold aluminum metal for reacting with the caustic coating solution. A partition is situated between the porous containers and the substrates, which partition separates the gas bubbles produced by the reaction of the aluminum metal and the caustic coating solution from the substrates and which partition prevents the gas bubbles from contacting the substrates.

Abstract: Reaction of maleic acid anhydride and polyisobutylene is improved by use, as catalyst, of a complex of polyisobutylene and a 1,3-dibromo dialkylhydantoin.

Abstract: Products typified by alkenyl-substituted succinic acid anhydrides are prepared by reacting olefin oligomers with anhydrides of unsaturated aliphatic polycarboxylic acids in the presence of ferric chloride, ferric bromide, stannic chloride, or phosphoric acid H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 as catalyst.

Abstract: Reaction of maleic acid anhydride and polyisobutylene to form product polyisobutenyl succinic acid anhydride is effected under controlled conditions whereby tar and sludge formation is minimized.

Abstract: A motor fuel composition comprising a mixture of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline boiling range and a detergent additive comprising an ethylenediamine reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acid lactone reaction product.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing an alkenyl-substituted anhydride of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid which comprises reacting a mole of an olefin or a polyolefin having from 3 to 200 carbon atoms with from about 0.9 to 2.0 moles of an anhydride of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid in the presence of from about 5 to about 5000 ppm, based on said polyolefin, of a brominated phenol.

Abstract: Acid anhydrides such as maleic anhydride are stabilized against the deteriorative effects of heat by addition thereto of an inorganic boron-oxygen compound typified by boric acid, boric anhydride, tributly borate, or borax.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing an alkenyl-substituted anhydride of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid which comprises reacting a mole of an olefin or a polyolefin having from 3 to 200 carbon atoms with from about 0.9 to 2.0 moles of an anhydride of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid in the presence of from about 5 to about 5000 ppm, based on said polyolefin, of a brominated hydroxy compound.

Abstract: An improvement in a process for the preparation of alkenyldicarboxylic acid lactones by alkenylation of maleic anhydride or other C.sub.4 H.sub.2 O.sub.3, C.sub.5 H.sub.4 O.sub.3, or C.sub.6 H.sub.6 O.sub.3 alkendioic anhydrides or their corresponding acids wherein the unsaturation is conjugated with at least one carboxy group with olefins having a molecular weight from about 200 to 3000 whereby alkenyldicarboxylic acids or its anhydrides is formed together with a sludge and is thereafter subjected to lactonization or hydrolysis-lactonization in the presence of a catalyst and in the presence of at least a portion of the sludge.

Abstract: Detergent additive comprising the reaction product of anaminoakyl-substituted piperazine, and a hydrocarbyl-substituted acid lactone reaction product, and a motor fuel composition containing the detergent additive.

Abstract: Described is a cellular form of solvent refined coal characterized by a decreased density enabling it to float on water. Various methods are presented for introducing cells throughout the coal including the use of cell-forming agents; sintering; particle or gas dispersion; and leaching salts incorporated in the coal.

Abstract: Thermal energy, in particular, solar energy is absorbed and released by utilizing the allotropic change of endo-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride with heat. The thermal energy is absorbed above 90.degree. C, stored above 40.degree. C, and released at temperatures below 40.degree. C.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONField of the InventionThis invention relates to the storage of thermal energy by the allotropic change of endo-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride.One troublesome problem encountered with energy forms such as solar energy, which is intermittent in nature, is storing the energy until it is needed.The present invention represents a solution to that problem and is based on the discovery that endo-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride (NDAA) can store thermal energy at about 93.degree. C and release such energy at temperatures below 40.degree. C.

Abstract: Telomeric hydrocarbon phosphorus compounds and hydrocarbon compositions containing said compounds are described. The telomeric hydrocarbon phosphorus compounds are represented by the formula: ##STR1## in which R is a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and n has a value from 0 to 100.