Abstract: Blended operator and autonomous control in an autonomous vehicle, including: receiving sensor data from a plurality of sensors of an autonomous vehicle; determining, based on the sensor data, a degree of autonomous control for each control input of a plurality of control inputs; and applying the degree of autonomous control for each control input of the plurality of control inputs.

Abstract: A method for performing an operation on an input signal includes receiving, by a multi-mode waveguide, the input signal imposed on laser light. The received input signal imposed on the laser light is propagated through the waveguide a plurality of times in a plurality of modes, the modes interfering each time they propagate through the waveguide to generate an interference pattern of the plurality of modes. Portions of the interference pattern of the plurality of modes are nonlinearly activated each time those modes propagate through the multi-mode waveguide. Portions of the activated interference pattern of the plurality of modes are output to an optical detector array in parallel with one another each time those modes propagate through the multi-mode waveguide.

Abstract: A method for performing an operation on an input signal includes receiving, by a multi-mode waveguide, the input signal imposed on laser light. The received input signal imposed on the laser light is propagated through the waveguide a plurality of times in a plurality of modes, the modes interfering each time they propagate through the waveguide to generate an interference pattern of the plurality of modes. Portions of the interference pattern of the plurality of modes are nonlinearly activated each time those modes propagate through the multi-mode waveguide. Portions of the activated interference pattern of the plurality of modes are output to an optical detector array in parallel with one another each time those modes propagate through the multi-mode waveguide.

Abstract: An apparatus that includes a phased array configured to monitor a broad bandwidth with low rate ADC achieving sub-Nyquist rate sampling with 100 percent duty cycle. The phased array includes a plurality of phased array elements. Each of the phased array elements are inserted with a non-uniform true time delay to enable simultaneous measurement of an AOA and a frequency of an incident RF signal.

Abstract: Under one aspect, a method for performing an operation is provided. The method can include receiving, by different physical locations of a multi-mode waveguide, an input signal and a plurality of coefficients imposed on laser light. The method also can include generating, by the multi-mode waveguide, a speckle pattern based on the different physical locations, the input signal, and the plurality of coefficients. The method also can include adjusting at least one of the coefficients based on the speckle pattern.

Abstract: Under one aspect, a method for performing an operation is provided. The method can include receiving, by different physical locations of a multi-mode waveguide, an input signal and a plurality of coefficients imposed on laser light. The method also can include generating, by the multi-mode waveguide, a speckle pattern based on the different physical locations, the input signal, and the plurality of coefficients. The method also can include adjusting at least one of the coefficients based on the speckle pattern.

Abstract: An apparatus that includes a phased array configured to monitor a broad bandwidth with low rate ADC achieving sub-Nyquist rate sampling with 100 percent duty cycle. The phased array includes a plurality of phased array elements. Each of the phased array elements are inserted with a non-uniform true time delay to enable simultaneous measurement of an AOA and a frequency of an incident RF signal.

Abstract: A method for measuring reactive hyperemia in a subject is disclosed. The method includes performing a first segmental cuff plethysmography to generate a baseline arterial compliance curve and/or a baseline pressure-area (P-A) curve, performing a second segmental cuff plethysmography to generate a hyperemic arterial compliance curve and/or a hyperemic P-A curve, and calculating an area between the baseline and the hyperemic curves. The size of the area can be used as an indication of endothelial dysfunction (ED) and ED-related diseases.

Abstract: Under one aspect, a method for performing a linear algebra operation includes imposing matrix elements onto a chirped optical carrier; inputting into a multi-mode optic the matrix elements imposed on the chirped optical carrier; outputting by the multi-mode optic a speckle pattern based on the matrix elements imposed on the optical carrier; and performing a linear algebra operation on the matrix elements based on the speckle pattern. The matrix elements can be from matrix A and a vector b, and the multi-mode optic can optically transform each of matrix A and vector b by a speckle transformation S, so as to output a speckle pattern including elements of a matrix SA of dimension p,n and matrix elements of a vector Sb of dimension p. The linear algebra operation can include generating {tilde over (x)}=(SA)†Sb, wherein † indicates a pseudo-inverse operation.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory cell includes: a first fixed magnetic layer; a first nonmagnetic electrode disposed on the first magnetic layer; a memory storage layer disposed on the first nonmagnetic electrode; a tunnel barrier layer disposed on the memory storage layer; a second fixed magnetic layer disposed on the tunnel barrier layer; and a second nonmagnetic electrode disposed on the second fixed magnetic layer.

Abstract: Under one aspect, a method for performing a linear algebra operation includes imposing matrix elements onto a chirped optical carrier; inputting into a multi-mode optic the matrix elements imposed on the chirped optical carrier; outputting by the multi-mode optic a speckle pattern based on the matrix elements imposed on the optical carrier; and performing a linear algebra operation on the matrix elements based on the speckle pattern. The matrix elements can be from matrix A and a vector b, and the multi-mode optic can optically transform each of matrix A and vector b by a speckle transformation S, so as to output a speckle pattern including elements of a matrix SA of dimension p,n and matrix elements of a vector Sb of dimension p. The linear algebra operation can include generating {tilde over (x)}=(SA)†Sb, wherein † indicates a pseudo-inverse operation.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory cell includes: a first fixed magnetic layer; a first nonmagnetic electrode disposed on the first magnetic layer; a memory storage layer disposed on the first nonmagnetic electrode; a tunnel barrier layer disposed on the memory storage layer; a second fixed magnetic layer disposed on the tunnel barrier layer; and a second nonmagnetic electrode disposed on the second fixed magnetic layer.

Abstract: An improved approach to direction finding using a super delta monopulse beamformer is disclosed. A super delta channel signal that includes direction finding information from two circular delta channels is formed and output by the super delta monopulse beamformer. This super delta channel signal uses only two channels, but is able to realize the accuracy of conventional three channel systems.

Abstract: Systems and methods for converting wideband signals into the digital domain are provided herein. The system may include an electronic or guided-wave optic based replicator configured to obtain at least M replicas of a signal applied thereto, and an electronic or guided-wave optic based segmenter configured to segment a signal applied thereto into at least N segments based on time or wavelength. Together, the replicator and the segmenter obtain M×N segment replicas of the received signal. An electronic or guided-wave optic based mixer is configured to multiply the M×N segment replicas by a mixing matrix having dimension M×N and then to form M integrations each of N segment replicas so as to obtain a measurement vector of length M. A signal recovery processor is configured to obtain a digital representation of the received signal based on the measurement vector and the mixing matrix.

Abstract: Systems and methods for converting wideband signals into the digital domain are provided herein. The system may include an electronic or guided-wave optic based replicator configured to obtain at least M replicas of a signal applied thereto, and an electronic or guided-wave optic based segmenter configured to segment a signal applied thereto into at least N segments based on time or wavelength. Together, the replicator and the segmenter obtain M×N segment replicas of the received signal. An electronic or guided-wave optic based mixer is configured to multiply the M×N segment replicas by a mixing matrix having dimension M×N and then to form M integrations each of N segment replicas so as to obtain a measurement vector of length M. A signal recovery processor is configured to obtain a digital representation of the received signal based on the measurement vector and the mixing matrix.

Abstract: An improved approach to direction finding using a super delta monopulse beamformer is disclosed. A super delta channel signal that includes direction finding information from two circular delta channels is formed and output by the super delta monopulse beamformer. This super delta channel signal uses only two channels, but is able to realize the accuracy of conventional three channel systems.

Abstract: A device for increasing traction of a bicycle is provided. The device includes two flexible tension members, each of the flexible tension members adapted to be situated on a different side of the tire, each flexible tension member including a flexible cable with first and second ends and a turnbuckle connector adapted to connect the first end and the second end of the flexible cable. The device also includes a plurality of spaced flexible connecting members coupled between the flexible tension members at a corresponding coupling point. The flexible members and the connecting members pass through the minimum interior space, when the wheel rotates and when the caliper brakes are engaged with the opposite surfaces of the rim of the bicycle wheel, without contacting the arms of the caliper brakes. A method for providing traction to a bicycle tire is provided.