Abstract: A system capable of measuring particulates includes: a nozzle formed in the shape of a tube; a light measurement unit constituted by a light source supplied as energy and a photodetector and is provided adjacent to the nozzle; a probe having a hollow shape and into which one end of the nozzle is inserted; a particle measurement unit provided adjacent to the light measurement unit to measure the particulates introduced through the nozzle; an evaluation model unit linked to the particle measurement unit to evaluate the volume of the particulates on the basis of software; and an evaluation process unit linked to the evaluation model unit to evaluate each of a volume size distribution of the particulates, an integration with respect to the size of each of the particulates and a time, and the volume concentration of the particulates. Other components are also included in the system.

Abstract: An optical analysis device for determining particulate matter includes three light sources having different wavelengths, an apparatus for combining the three transmitted light beams on a common optical path, a measurement volume, an optical axis in the forward scattering direction defines the scattering angle 0°, a light absorption apparatus at 0° that absorbs unscattered light, and six detectors which are arranged at different specified angles which are as close as possible to 0° directly next to the light absorption apparatus, at a second scattering angle between 7° and 40°, at a third scattering angle between 41° and 70°, at a fourth scattering angle between 71° and 115°, at a fifth scattering angle between 116° and 145°, at a sixth scattering angle between 146° and 180°. A control and evaluation unit controls the light sources such that the scattered light is detected in a wavelength selective manner by the detectors.

Abstract: An optical analysis device for determining particulate matter includes three light sources having different wavelengths, an apparatus for combining the three transmitted light beams on a common optical path, a measurement volume, an optical axis in the forward scattering direction defines the scattering angle 0°, a light absorption apparatus at 0° that absorbs unscattered light, and six detectors which are arranged at different specified angles which are as close as possible to 0° directly next to the light absorption apparatus, at a second scattering angle between 7° and 40°, at a third scattering angle between 41° and 70°, at a fourth scattering angle between 71° and 115°, at a fifth scattering angle between 116° and 145°, at a sixth scattering angle between 146° and 180°. A control and evaluation unit controls the light sources such that the scattered light is detected in a wavelength selective manner by the detectors.

Abstract: An optical sensor comprises a light transmitter; a light receiver; an evaluation unit; at least one mirror unit that comprises a plurality of micromirror elements having an at least regionally reflective surface and comprising an electrode arrangement connected to the micromirror elements; and a control device that is configured to adjust the mirror unit between at least two different functional states by controlling the electrode arrangement. The mirror unit comprises an at least substantially transparent substrate at which the micromirror elements are arranged. The control device is configured to temporarily set the mirror unit into a transmission state in which the micromirror elements are in an open position and light radiation incident onto the mirror unit moves past the micromirror elements through the transparent substrate.

Abstract: The catalytic converter apparatus has at least one element box which extends in a longitudinal direction and which has a first pair of first side walls which lie opposite one another, and a second pair of second side walls which lie opposite one another, and two open end sides which lie opposite one another in the longitudinal direction. A plurality of catalytic converter plates are arranged in the element box, which catalytic converter plates are oriented parallel to the first side walls, merely one part of the side walls having a rail which extends transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction on at least one of the end sides, on which rail the catalytic converter plates are supported. As a result, the flow properties of the element box are improved and the risk of dust deposits is avoided.

Abstract: To enable an improved operating behavior of an internal combustion engine, an internal combustion engine having at least one combustion chamber, having at least one air inlet section for the supply of air into the combustion chamber, having at least one exhaust gas outlet for the discharge of exhaust gas into at least one exhaust gas tube, having at least one optical particulate measurement sensor, and having a control apparatus for controlling an operating behavior of the internal combustion engine is provided, wherein the optical particulate measurement sensor is provided to determine a particulate concentration in the exhaust gas and to make available at least one particulate concentration signal for the control apparatus derived from the particulate concentration and wherein the control apparatus is configured to directly change the operating behavior of the internal combustion engine based on the particulate concentration signal of the optical particulate measurement sensor.

Abstract: An optical sensor comprises a light transmitter; a light receiver; an evaluation unit; at least one mirror unit that comprises a plurality of micromirror elements having an at least regionally reflective surface and comprising an electrode arrangement connected to the micromirror elements; and a control device that is configured to adjust the mirror unit between at least two different functional states by controlling the electrode arrangement. The mirror unit comprises an at least substantially transparent substrate at which the micromirror elements are arranged. The control device is configured to temporarily set the mirror unit into a transmission state in which the micromirror elements are in an open position and light radiation incident onto the mirror unit moves past the micromirror elements through the transparent substrate.

Abstract: The catalytic converter apparatus has at least one element box which extends in a longitudinal direction and which has a first pair of first side walls which lie opposite one another, and a second pair of second side walls which lie opposite one another, and two open end sides which lie opposite one another in the longitudinal direction. A plurality of catalytic converter plates are arranged in the element box, which catalytic converter plates are oriented parallel to the first side walls, merely one part of the side walls having a rail which extends transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction on at least one of the end sides, on which rail the catalytic converter plates are supported. As a result, the flow properties of the element box are improved and the risk of dust deposits is avoided.