Abstract: A horizontal flow bioreactor facilitates continuous flow conditions to cells grown on a tissue engineered scaffold. More particularly, interstitial fluid flow conditions are mimicked around cells inside the body, thereby improving the mass transfer rates of cells and providing physical stimulus to the cells. Unlike the available perfusion based vertical bioreactors where flow is vertical through scaffolds, the horizontal flow reactor enables studies on attachment of cells to substrates, tissues, and bone mimetic scaffolds. The horizontal bioreactor further aides study of cell proliferation, cell migration, cell clustering, biology of cell growth, cell response, cell filtration techniques for capturing tumor cells, the testing of drugs, and drug delivery under flow conditions. The horizontal bioreactor can mimic in vivo conditions, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET).

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions useful for bone repair and methods of preparing the same. The invention is particularly suitable for bone repair of large bone defects. In an aspect of the invention, the compositions comprise a biocompatible polymer and a clay that form a scaffold. In a further aspect of the invention, the multiple scaffolds can be configured together to form scaffold blocks.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions useful for bone repair and methods of preparing the same. The invention is particularly suitable for bone repair of large bone defects. In an aspect of the invention, the compositions comprise a biocompatible polymer and a clay that form a scaffold. In a further aspect of the invention, the multiple scaffolds can be configured together to form scaffold blocks.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring permeability accurately in expansive clay and non-expansive soils is provided. The apparatus includes hollow porous stone cylinders which prevent the sample from bulging and at the same time allow application of confining pressure on the soil sample enclosed in a flexible membrane, which simulates the field condition and allows for application of back pressure to aid in saturation. The apparatus also allows for accurate comparison of hydraulic characteristics of swelling clays with fluids of various dielectric and other properties. The apparatus can also be used to consolidate the sample either three dimensionally or in one direction and perform permeability tests as well as find out the consolidation characteristics of the sample.

Abstract: The invention provides composites, methods for their preparation, composites prepared according to the methods, and methods for using the composites.

Abstract: The invention provides composites, methods for their preparation, composites prepared according to the methods, and methods for using the composites.