Abstract: A pressure sensor has a stem in which a pressure introduction hole into which a pressure medium is introduced and a diaphragm deformable according to the pressure of the pressure medium are formed, and a strain detecting element which is arranged on the diaphragm via an insulating film and being configured to output a detection signal according to the deformation of the diaphragm. The strain detecting element is configured to have a portion made of polysilicon. A low doping layer having a higher electrical resistivity than polysilicon and a higher crystallinity than the insulating film is arranged between the insulating film and the strain detecting element.

Abstract: An electrical converter and heater module with heat insulators having different cross-sectional areas includes a thermoelectric conversion module that corrects the difference in thermal resistance between a P-type thermoelectric conversion member and an N-type thermoelectric conversion member. In this thermoelectric conversion module, since insulators included in the P-type thermoelectric conversion member and the N-type thermoelectric conversion member have a different thermal resistance, it is possible to correct the difference in thermal resistance between the P-type thermoelectric conversion element and the N-type thermoelectric conversion element.

Abstract: A thermoelectric conversion module and a thermoelectric conversion apparatus in which a thermoelectric conversion element can be flexibly attached to heat sources having various shapes in high density are provided. The thermoelectric conversion module includes a first thermoelectric conversion element configured of a cylindrical thermoelectric conversion material having a hollow portion and a second thermoelectric conversion element configured of a thermoelectric conversion material having a different conductive type from that of the first thermoelectric conversion element and fixed in the hollow portion.

Abstract: An electrical converter and heater module with heat insulators having different cross-sectional areas includes a thermoelectric conversion module that corrects the difference in thermal resistance between a P-type thermoelectric conversion member and an N-type thermoelectric conversion member. In this thermoelectric conversion module, since insulators included in the P-type thermoelectric conversion member and the N-type thermoelectric conversion member have a different thermal resistance, it is possible to correct the difference in thermal resistance between the P-type thermoelectric conversion element and the N-type thermoelectric conversion element.

Abstract: A thermoelectric conversion module is disclosed that corrects the difference in thermal resistance between a P-type thermoelectric conversion member and an N-type thermoelectric conversion member. In this thermoelectric conversion module, since insulators included in the P-type thermoelectric conversion member and the N-type thermoelectric conversion member have a different thermal resistance, it is possible to correct the difference in thermal resistance between the P-type thermoelectric conversion element and the N-type thermoelectric conversion element.

Abstract: Provided are an emulsifier derived from sugar polymer capable of successfully emulsifying even unsaturated oil, a production method therefore, and a production method for emulsion using the emulsifier. This emulsifier can be obtained by a production method including an emulsification improving step of improving the emulsification of sugar polymer particles dispersed in water. In this emulsification improving step, the emulsification of sugar polymer particles can be improved by an action of an emulsification aid that is at least water-soluble one kind selected from salts, an amphiphilic agent, saccharides, an organic acid, and an amino acid. Alternatively, the emulsification of sugar polymer particles can be improved by storing the sugar polymer particles dispersed in water at a low temperature of 10° C. or lower.

Abstract: A thermoelectric conversion module includes p-type and n-type thermoelectric conversion elements arranged between two stacked substrates. The p-type and n-type thermoelectric conversion elements include columnar p-type and n-type thermoelectric conversion portions, insulators provided in side surfaces of the p-type and n-type thermoelectric conversion portions, and diffusion preventing films provided on top surface, the top surface different from the side surface of the p-type and n-type thermoelectric conversion portions. Each stacked substrate includes an interconnecting layer that electrically connects the p-type and n-type thermoelectric conversion portions through the diffusion preventing films, and a jointing material that joins the diffusion preventing films and the interconnecting layer.

Abstract: A mounting structure is provided that can allow gaseous matter generated when performing a heat treatment to escape to outside efficiently. A mounting structure 10 includes a substrate 1 having electrodes 2a and 2b, an electronic component 3 having electrodes 21a and 21b, joints 15a and 15b that electrically connect the electrodes 2a and 2b of the substrate 1 and the electrodes 21a and 21b of the electronic component 3 and also fix the electronic component 3 to the surface of the substrate 1, and a convex portion 4 that abuts against the electrode 2a of the substrate 1 and the electrode 21a of the electronic component 3 and is used as a spacer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thermoelectric conversion element, a thermoelectric conversion element module, and a method of manufacturing the same that can easily realize high-density arrangement of thermoelectric conversion elements and securement of connection reliability. The thermoelectric conversion element has, for example, rod-shaped thermoelectric conversion material, tube that has an insulation property and an adiabatic property and houses thermoelectric conversion material, and electrodes that are in close adhesion to the end surfaces of thermoelectric conversion material and tube. A surface roughness Ra of the end surfaces is larger than 0.8 micrometers. In the present invention, the thermoelectric conversion elements can be arranged at a high density such that tubes are in close adhesion to each other. Also, since the close adhesion surface of electrodes on the end surfaces is large, the connection reliability of electrodes is further improved.

Abstract: The invention provides a thermoelectric conversion element having a lot of pn junction pairs per unit area and having a thermoelectric material chip which is hardly broken, and a producing method thereof. In the thermoelectric conversion element of the invention, plural substrates in each of which a film-shaped thermoelectric material is formed in a surface thereof are disposed. As a result, because the number of pn junction pairs per unit area is increased, a high output can be obtained. Because the thermoelectric material is formed into the film shape, reliability degradation caused by a breakage of the thermoelectric material can be prevented, even in the thermoelectric material having many pn junction pairs per unit area, namely, a sectional area is small.

Abstract: A thermoelectric conversion module is disclosed that corrects the difference in thermal resistance between a P-type thermoelectric conversion member and an N-type thermoelectric conversion member. In this thermoelectric conversion module, since insulators included in the P-type thermoelectric conversion member and the N-type thermoelectric conversion member have a different thermal resistance, it is possible to correct the difference in thermal resistance between the P-type thermoelectric conversion element and the N-type thermoelectric conversion element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a thermoelectric conversion element. The present invention provides an apparatus for manufacturing a thermoelectric conversion element that can easily realize a high-density array of thermoelectric conversion elements and secure connection reliability. This is an apparatus for manufacturing a thermoelectric conversion element that sucks a p-type or n-type thermoelectric conversion material into heat-resisting insulating tube 102 and includes preheating apparatus 205 that can heat tube 102 to a predetermined temperature before sucking the melted thermoelectric conversion element. Tube 102 whose temperature condition is adjusted by being heated by preheating apparatus 205 is inserted into crucible 204 and the molten thermoelectric conversion material is sucked into tube 102 by decompression apparatus 201.

Abstract: A thermoelectric conversion module includes p-type and n-type thermoelectric conversion elements arranged between two stacked substrates. The p-type and n-type thermoelectric conversion elements include columnar p-type and n-type thermoelectric conversion portions, insulators provided in side surfaces of the p-type and n-type thermoelectric conversion portions, and diffusion preventing films provided on top surface, the top surface different from the side surface of the p-type and n-type thermoelectric conversion portions. Each stacked substrate includes an interconnecting layer that electrically connects the p-type and n-type thermoelectric conversion portions through the diffusion preventing films and a jointing material that joins the diffusion preventing films and the interconnecting layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thermoelectric conversion element module and a manufacturing method thereof capable of easily realizing a high-density array and securing connection reliability. The module includes a thermoelectric conversion element group made up of P-type elements and N-type elements alternately arranged in a first direction and a heat-resistant insulating member filling the periphery of the thermoelectric conversion materials, wherein the P-type elements and the N-type elements are connected via connection electrodes on a side portion of the group along the first direction, and connection electrodes at other parts of the group along a second direction crossing the first direction. The module is manufactured by forming a connection electrode layer that extends to the side portion of the group on the surface of the group and cutting this connection electrode layer between the thermoelectric conversion elements along the first direction and the second direction.

Abstract: When bump electrodes 26 of a semiconductor light-emitting element 2 and electrode portions 21 of a mounting board 3 are joined to each other, power is supplied to the electrode portions 21 of the mounting board 3 to allow the semiconductor light-emitting element 2 to emit light, the optical properties of the semiconductor light-emitting element 2 having emitted light are detected, and the detected value of optical properties is processed to obtain the joining state of the bump electrodes 26 of the semiconductor light-emitting element 2 and the electrode portions 21 of the mounting board 3, so that the completion of joining is determined. Thus, the semiconductor light-emitting element can be satisfactorily joined to the electrode portions on the mounting board via the metal electrodes formed on the semiconductor light-emitting element.

Abstract: The invention provides a thermoelectric conversion module, which can implement a high power generation capacity and high reliability of electric connection between thermoelectric conversion elements and meet various diameters and lengths of a tube as a heat source. The thermoelectric conversion module includes a straight-chain module unit. In the module unit, plural P-type elements and plural N-type elements, which are alternately arrayed, are electrically connected in series by a braided wire A and a braided wire B. The braided wire A connects one end surface of the P-type element and one end surface of the N-type element. The braided wire B connects the other end surface of the P-type element and the other end surface of the N-type element. The braided wire B is shorter than the braided wire A. The thermoelectric conversion module including only the module unit is spirally wound around a tube as a heat source.

Abstract: The invention provides a thermoelectric conversion element having a lot of pn junction pairs per unit area and having a thermoelectric material chip which is hardly broken, and a producing method thereof. In the thermoelectric conversion element of the invention, plural substrates in each of which a film-shaped thermoelectric material is formed in a surface thereof are disposed. As a result, because the number of pn junction pairs per unit area is increased, a high output can be obtained. Because the thermoelectric material is formed into the film shape, reliability degradation caused by a breakage of the thermoelectric material can be prevented, even in the thermoelectric material having many pn junction pairs per unit area, namely, a sectional area is small.

Abstract: A thermoelectric conversion module in which a high-density disposition is easily performed and connection reliability is high is supplied. A thermoelectric conversion module is provided, which includes a plurality of p-type thermoelectric conversion elements and a plurality of n-type thermoelectric conversion elements that are alternately arranged. and electrically connected in series, and a plurality of heat-radiation fins that are disposed in one end side of the plurality of p-type thermoelectric conversion elements and the plurality of n-type thermoelectric conversion elements in side surfaces of the plurality of p-type thermoelectric conversion elements and the plurality of n-type thermoelectric conversion elements. The plurality of heat-radiation fins intersect the long axis directions of the p-type thermoelectric conversion elements and the n-type thermoelectric conversion element and connect the p-type thermoelectric conversion elements and the n-type thermoelectric conversion element to each other.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a thermoelectric conversion element and a thermoelectric conversion module in which high-density arrangement is easy, and thus connection reliability is high, and a manufacturing method thereof. There is provided a thermoelectric conversion element including a tube, a thermoelectric conversion material with which the tube is filled, and a plated metal layer that is plated on one end or both ends of the thermoelectric conversion material. The thermoelectric conversion material protrudes from the tube, and the plated metal layer covers a protruding portion of the thermoelectric conversion material. Furthermore, there is provided a thermoelectric conversion module that is obtained by connecting a plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements in series.

Abstract: A thermoelectric conversion element and a thermoelectric conversion module in which a high density arrangement is easily performed and connection reliability is high, and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. A thermoelectric conversion element is provided which includes a tube, a thermoelectric conversion material which is filled in the tube, and a plated metal layer which is plated on one end or both ends of the thermoelectric conversion material, wherein the thermoelectric conversion material protrudes from an end surface of the tube, and the plated metal layer covers the protrusion of the thermoelectric conversion material. Moreover, a thermoelectric conversion module which is configured to connect the thermoelectric conversion elements in series is provided.