Abstract: Disclosed is a novel method for steam reforming, by which selectivity to carbon monoxide is high, which is free from various side reactions, which may be carried out at a lower temperature and at a lower pressure than the conventional methods, and which may be carried out even if a catalyst is not used. In the method of the present invention, direct current pulse discharge is performed in a mixed gas containing a gaseous chain hydrocarbon and water vapor so as to react the chain hydrocarbon and the water vapor, thereby generating hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: To provide a method for catalytically cracking waste plastics wherein the efficiency in decomposition is high; even polyethylene composed of linear chain molecules difficult in decomposition is decomposable at a low temperature and decomposed residue is hardly produced; the process is simple since dechlorination can be achieved at the same time with catalytically cracking waste plastics in one reaction vessel; and oil fractions can be recovered at 50% or more on a net yield basis. The method for catalytically cracking waste plastics of the present invention has a constitution in which waste plastics are loaded as a raw material into a granular FCC catalyst heated to a temperature range from 350° C. to 500° C. inside a reaction vessel, thereby decomposing and gasifying the waste plastics in contact with the FCC catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst for producing a liquefied petroleum gas according to the present invention comprises a Pd— and/or Pt-based catalyst component and a USY-type zeolite. By using the catalyst, a hydrocarbon containing propane or butane as a main component, i.e. a liquefied petroleum gas, can be produced with high activity, high selectivity and high yield from at least one of methanol and dimethyl ether.

Abstract: A production process and a catalyst are provided, which can be less decreased in activity of the catalyst even when CO2, water and the like are present in the starting material and/or the reaction system, and which can produce a formic ester or a methanol at a low temperature and a low pressure. The present invention relates to a process for producing methanol, comprising reacting carbon monoxide with an alcohol in the presence of an alkali metal-type catalyst, and/or an alkaline earth metal-type catalyst to produce a formic ester, wherein a hydrogenolysis catalyst of formic ester and hydrogen are allowed to be present together in the reaction system to hydrogenate the produced formic ester and thereby obtain a methanol.

Abstract: A liquefied petroleum gas containing propane or butane as a main component is produced by passing a raw material gas comprising hydrogen and at least one selected from the group consisting of methanol and dimethyl ether through a catalyst layer comprising, in the direction of flowing of the raw material gas, a former catalyst layer comprising a catalyst for synthesizing an olefin-containing gas which is used when producing an olefin-containing gas from at least one selected from the group consisting of methanol and dimethyl ether, and a latter catalyst layer comprising a catalyst for hydrogenating an olefin-containing gas which is used when an olefin is hydrogenated to produce a paraffin.

Abstract: A catalyst for producing a liquefied petroleum gas of this invention comprises a methanol synthesis catalyst component and a zeolite catalyst component, and a liquefied petroleum gas containing propane as a main component is produced by reacting carbon monoxide with hydrogen in the presence of this catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing a formic ester comprises reacting carbon monoxide with an alcohol to produce a formic ester, wherein the reaction is performed in the presence of water and/or carbon dioxide and in the presence of (1) an alkali metal-type catalyst other than an alkali metal alkoxide and other than an alkali fluoride, or (2) an alkali metal-type catalyst other than an alkali metal alkoxide and other than an alkali fluoride in combination with an alkaline earth metal-type catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst for producing dimethyl ether which comprises alumina particles having an average size of 200 ?m or less and a methanol synthesis catalyst layer formed around the alumina particles. The methanol synthesis catalyst is in an amount of 0.05 to 5 parts by weight to 1 part by weight of the alumina particles. Dimethyl ether is produced by the method of forming a slurry by introducing the catalyst into a solvent and introducing a mixed gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen into the slurry.

Abstract: A method for producing dimethyl ether comprising forming a slurry by introducing a catalyst for producing dimethyl ether into a solvent and introducing a mixed gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen into the slurry.

Abstract: At least one selected from the group consisting of methanol and dimethyl ether, and hydrogen are reacted in the presence of a catalyst for producing a liquefied petroleum gas in which an olefin-hydrogenation catalyst component is supported on a zeolite, to produce a hydrocarbon containing propane or butane as a main component, i.e., a liquefied petroleum gas.

Abstract: A catalyst for producing a liquefied petroleum gas according to the present invention comprises a Pd-based methanol synthesis catalyst component and a ?-zeolite catalyst component. It can be used in a reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen to give a hydrocarbon containing propane or butane as a main component, i.e., a liquefied petroleum gas, with high activity, high selectivity and high yield. Furthermore, the catalyst has a longer catalyst life with less deterioration.

Abstract: A catalyst for producing dimethyl ether which comprises alumina particles having an average size of 200 ?m or less and a methanol synthesis catalyst layer formed around the alumina particles. The methanol synthesis catalyst is in an amount of 0.05 to 5 parts by weight to 1 part by weight of the alumina particles. Dimethyl ether is produced by the method of forming a slurry by introducing the catalyst into a solvent and introducing a mixed gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen into the slurry.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel tank storing a fuel comprising an ether, water, and an alcohol; a vaporizer vaporizing the fuel; a reformer reforming the vaporized fuel into a hydrogen rich gas; a CO gas removal apparatus configured to remove CO gas in the hydrogen rich gas; and a fuel cell unit configured to generate electricity by electrochemical reaction of the hydrogen rich gas and oxygen.

Abstract: A method for producing dimethyl ether comprising: (a) reacting a raw material gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to produce a reaction gas including dimethyl ether, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen; (b) separating the reaction gas from step (a) into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and into dimethyl ether carbon dioxide; (c) recycling to step (a) the carbon monoxide and the hydrogen which were separated from the reaction gas in step (b); (d) removing the carbon dioxide from the dimethyl ether and the carbon dioxide from step (b) to obtain the dimethyl ether; and the (e) recycling the dimethyl ether from step (d) to step (b).

Abstract: A production process and a catalyst are provided, which can be less decreased in activity of the catalyst even when CO2, water and the like are present in the starting material and/or the reaction system, and which can produce a formic ester or a methanol at a low temperature and a low pressure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel method for steam reforming, by which selectivity to carbon monoxide is high, which is free from various side reactions, which may be carried out at a lower temperature and at a lower pressure than the conventional methods, and which may be carried out even if a catalyst is not used. In the method of the present invention, direct current pulse discharge is performed in a mixed gas containing a gaseous chain hydrocarbon and water vapor so as to react the chain hydrocarbon and the water vapor, thereby generating hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch reaction is conducted using a synthesis gas (mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen) as a raw material to synthesize hydrocarbons containing a large amount of olefin. These hydrocarbons are separated into a light fraction and a heavy fraction by means of a heat exchanger and an oxo process is conducted with respect to the olefin contained in the light fraction with a cobalt catalyst. As a result, an oxygenated fuel containing alcohol, aldehyde, etc. is manufactured. The oxygenated fuel made by such a manufacturing method is excellent in lubricity and oxidation stability, has a high cetane number, and is also capable of suppressing generation of soot when the oxygenated fuel is combusted.

Abstract: A production process and a catalyst are provided, which can be less decreased in activity of the catalyst even when CO2, water and the like are present in the starting material and/or the reaction system, and which can produce a formic ester or a methanol at a low temperature and a low pressure.

Abstract: This invention provides a catalyst for producing hydrogen gas from a mixed gas comprising dimethyl ether and water vapor or carbon dioxide gas, which comprises copper, iron, cobalt, palladium, iridium, platinum, rhodium, or nickel as an active component, and a method of producing synthesis gas or hydrogen gas in a high yield at a low temperature. By using the catalyst, fuel cell, electricity generation, reduction of iron ore and the like can be carried out.

Abstract: A process for synthesis of lower isoparaffins from synthesis gas that is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, wherein straight chain hydrocarbons are synthesized while isoparaffins and isoolefins are also produced through decomposition of hydrocarbons having a higher carbon number by use of a solid acid catalyst in the first stage, and isoparaffins are synthesized in the second stage. The straight chain hydrocarbons are produced by contacting the synthesis gas with a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst that is mixed with a solid acid catalyst for mainly hydrocracking long chain hydrocarbons. The isoparaffins are produced by contacting the straight chain hydrocarbons synthesized in the first stage, with a mixture of a hydrogenation catalyst for hydrogenating olefins and a solid acid catalyst for hydrocracking and isomerizing the straight chain hydrocarbons.