Abstract: When there is a train entering a building of a rail yard, a ground apparatus stores vehicle-formation-set IDs of respective vehicle-formation-sets of the train in the entering order by a FILO method. Additionally, when there is the train leaving the building, the vehicle-formation-set IDs are sequentially read by the FILO method, an inquiry addressed to the vehicle-formation-set IDs is transmitted in the order of the reading to obtain the train information from the on-board apparatus of each of the vehicle-formation-sets forming the train. When the on-board apparatus does not respond to the inquiry, and obtaining of the train information fails, the ground apparatus performs a predetermined alarm output control.

Abstract: When there is a train entering a building of a rail yard, a ground apparatus stores vehicle-formation-set IDs of respective vehicle-formation-sets of the train in the entering order by a FILO method. Additionally, when there is the train leaving the building, the vehicle-formation-set IDs are sequentially read by the FILO method, an inquiry addressed to the vehicle-formation-set IDs is transmitted in the order of the reading to obtain the train information from the on-board apparatus of each of the vehicle-formation-sets forming the train. When the on-board apparatus does not respond to the inquiry, and obtaining of the train information fails, the ground apparatus performs a predetermined alarm output control.

Abstract: An onboard system transmits a train occupancy range based on a measured train position to a ground system. The ground system provisionally detects the occupancy state of each block section based on the train occupancy range acquired from the onboard system. Exit detection points (Qh, Qr) are set at a position outside each block section. It is determined that the train has left the block section when the entirety of the train occupancy range has passed the exit detection point (Qh, Qr). When the provisional detection result indicates that the detection target block section is not occupied, and it has been determined that the train has left the detection target block section, it is determined that the detection target block section is not occupied.

Abstract: An onboard system transmits a train occupancy range based on a measured train position to a ground system. The ground system provisionally detects the occupancy state of each block section based on the train occupancy range acquired from the onboard system. Exit detection points (Qh, Qr) are set at a position outside each block section. It is determined that the train has left the block section when the entirety of the train occupancy range has passed the exit detection point (Qh, Qr). When the provisional detection result indicates that the detection target block section is not occupied, and it has been determined that the train has left the detection target block section, it is determined that the detection target block section is not occupied.

Abstract: An image developing apparatus capable of developing high quality images without a fog and a toner density fluctuation over an extended period of time while reducing a driving torque in an image developing operation is disclosed. The image developing apparatus may includes a toner conveyer device having its surface coated with a ceramic for conveying non-magnetic single component toner to the image bearer in order to develop the latent image, and a lamination controller device for controlling a thickness of non-magnetic single component toner lamina to be formed on the toner conveyer device. The image developing apparatus may includes a toner conveyer device for conveying non-magnetic single component toner to the image bearer in order to develop the latent image, and a lamination controller device having its surfaces coated with a ceramic for controlling a thickness of non-magnetic single component toner lamina to be formed on the toner conveyer device.