Abstract: After a ferroelectric capacitor is formed, an Al wiring (conductive pad) connected to the ferroelectric capacitor is formed. Then, a silicon oxide film and a silicon nitride film are formed around the Al wiring. Thereafter, as a penetration inhibiting film which inhibits penetration of moisture into the silicon oxide film, an Al2O3 film is formed.

Abstract: A protective film (56) having a water/hydrogen blocking function is formed so as to cover the periphery of a pad electrode (54a) while being electrically isolated from the pad electrode. A material selected in the embodiment for composing the protective film is a highly moisture-proof material having a water/hydrogen blocking function considerably superior to that of the insulating material, such as palladium (Pd) or palladium-containing material, and iridium (Ir) or iridium oxide (IrOx: typically x=2) or an iridium- or iridium oxide-containing material. An FeRAM capable of reliably preventing water/hydrogen from entering inside, and of maintaining high performance of the ferroelectric capacitor structure (30) may be realized only by a simple configuration.

Abstract: A protective film (56) having a water/hydrogen blocking function is formed so as to cover the periphery of a pad electrode (54a) while being electrically isolated from the pad electrode. A material selected in the embodiment for composing the protective film is a highly moisture-proof material having a water/hydrogen blocking function considerably superior to that of the insulating material, such as palladium (Pd) or palladium-containing material, and iridium (Ir) or iridium oxide (IrOx: typically x=2) or an iridium- or iridium oxide-containing material. An FeRAM capable of reliably preventing water/hydrogen from entering inside, and of maintaining high performance of the ferroelectric capacitor structure (30) may be realized only by a simple configuration.

Abstract: After a ferroelectric capacitor is formed, an Al wiring (conductive pad) connected to the ferroelectric capacitor is formed. Then, a silicon oxide film and a silicon nitride film are formed around the Al wiring. Thereafter, as a penetration inhibiting film which inhibits penetration of moisture into the silicon oxide film, an Al2O3 film is formed.

Abstract: A method for easily decomposing viscous, solidified spilled fuel oil or crude oil containing sea water and other disposal inhibiting substances. Titanium dioxide particles are added to viscous spilled fuel oil recovered in drums in a weight ratio of at least 0.2 to 1 times. Fuel oil is specifically adsorbed by the adsorbent and the mixture can be suspended in water. The suspension is filtered by a coarse filter to remove substances interfering with disposal by the oil. This filtrate is passed through a high performance filter (of sufficiently fine mesh to retain the adsorbent) so that the adsorbent is recovered, and sea water and other substances are discarded.