Patents by Inventor Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr.
Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr. has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 10435770Abstract: A carbothermic reduction method is provided for reducing a La-, Ce-, MM-, and/or Y-containing oxide in the presence of carbon and a source of a reactant element comprising Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, and/or P to form an intermediate alloy material including a majority of La, Ce, MM, and/or Y and a minor amount of the reactant element. The intermediate material is useful as a master alloy for in making negative electrode materials for a metal hydride battery, as hydrogen storage alloys, as master alloy additive for addition to a melt of commercial Mg and Al alloys, steels, cast irons, and superalloys; or in reducing Sm2O3 to Sm metal for use in Sm—Co permanent magnets.Type: GrantFiled: November 10, 2016Date of Patent: October 8, 2019Assignee: Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr., Frederick A. Schmidt
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Publication number: 20170166998Abstract: A carbothermic reduction method is provided for reducing a La-, Ce-, MM-, and/or Y-containing oxide in the presence of carbon and a source of a reactant element comprising Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, and/or P to form an intermediate alloy material including a majority of La, Ce, MM, and/or Y and a minor amount of the reactant element. The intermediate material is useful as a master alloy for in making negative electrode materials for a metal hydride battery, as hydrogen storage alloys, as master alloy additive for addition to a melt of commercial Mg and Al alloys, steels, cast irons, and superalloys; or in reducing Sm2O3 to Sm metal for use in Sm—Co permanent magnets.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 10, 2016Publication date: June 15, 2017Inventors: Karl A. Gschneidner, JR., Frederick A. Schmidt
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Patent number: 9525176Abstract: A carbothermic reduction method is provided for reducing a La-, Ce-, MM-, and/or Y-containing oxide in the presence of carbon and a source of a reactant element comprising Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, and/or P to form an intermediate alloy material including a majority of La, Ce, MM, and/or Y and a minor amount of the reactant element. The intermediate material is useful as a master alloy for in making negative electrode materials for a metal hydride battery, as hydrogen storage alloys, as master alloy additive for addition to a melt of commercial Mg and Al alloys, steels, cast irons, and superalloys; or in reducing Sm2O3 to Sm metal for use in Sm—Co permanent magnets.Type: GrantFiled: January 10, 2013Date of Patent: December 20, 2016Assignee: Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr., Frederick A. Schmidt
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Publication number: 20130129564Abstract: A carbothermic reduction method is provided for reducing a La-, Ce-, MM-, and/or Y-containing oxide in the presence of carbon and a source of a reactant element comprising Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, and/or P to form an intermediate alloy material including a majority of La, Ce, MM, and/or Y and a minor amount of the reactant element. The intermediate material is useful as a master alloy for in making negative electrode materials for a metal hydride battery, as hydrogen storage alloys, as master alloy additive for addition to a melt of commercial Mg and Al alloys, steels, cast irons, and superalloys; or in reducing Sm2O3 to Sm metal for use in Sm—Co permanent magnets.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 10, 2013Publication date: May 23, 2013Applicant: Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Karl A. Gschneidner, JR., Frederick A. Schmidt
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Publication number: 20120282130Abstract: A carbothermic reduction method is provided for reducing a rare earth element-containing oxide including at least one of neodymium (Nd) and praseodymium (Pr) and possibly other rare earth elements (La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Sc, and Y) as alloying agents in the presence of carbon and a source of a reactant element including one or more of silicon, germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony and bismuth to form a rare earth element-containing intermediate alloy as a master alloy for making permanent magnet material. The process is a more efficient, lower cost and environmentally friendly technology than current methods of manufacturing rare earth metals. The intermediate material is useful as a master alloy for making a permanent magnet material comprising at least one of neodymium and praseodymium, and possibly other rare earth metals as alloying additives.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 18, 2012Publication date: November 8, 2012Inventors: Karl A. Gschneidner, JR., Frederick A. Schmidt, Ralph W. McCallum
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Patent number: 7549296Abstract: A multi-stage cryocooler having a relatively low temperature stage to cool to less than about 15K and having a regenerator including a ductile intermetallic compound including one or more rare earth elements and one or more non-rare earth metals.Type: GrantFiled: February 18, 2005Date of Patent: June 23, 2009Assignee: Atlas ScientificInventors: Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr., Alexandra O. Tsokol, Vitalij K. Pecharsky
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Patent number: 7114340Abstract: An alloy made of heat treated material represented by Gd5(SixGe1?x)4 where 0.47?x?0.56 that exhibits a magnetic entropy change (??Sm) of at least 16 J/kg K, a magnetostriction of at least 2000 parts per million, and a magnetoresistance of at least 5 percent at a temperature of about 300K and below, and method of heat treating the material between 800 to 1600 degrees C. for a time to this end.Type: GrantFiled: April 14, 2003Date of Patent: October 3, 2006Assignee: Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Alexandra O. Pecharsky, Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr., Vitalij K. Pecharsky
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Patent number: 6680663Abstract: A permanent magnet structure for maximizing the flux density per weight of magnetic material comprising a hollow body flux source for generating a magnetic field in the central gap of the hollow body, the magnetic field having a flux density greater than the residual flux density of the hollow body flux source. The hollow body flux source has a generally elliptic-shape, defined by unequal major and minor axis. These elliptic-shaped permanent magnet structures exhibit a higher flux density at the center gap while minimizing the amount of magnetic material used. Inserts of soft magnetic material proximate the central gap, and a shell of soft magnetic material surrounding the hollow body can further increase the strength of the magnetic field in the central gap by reducing the magnetic flux leakage and focusing the flux density lines in the central gap.Type: GrantFiled: March 22, 2001Date of Patent: January 20, 2004Assignee: Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Seong-Jae Lee, David Jiles, Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr., Vitalij Pecharsky
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Patent number: 6589366Abstract: Method of making an active magnetic refrigerant represented by Gd5(SixGe1−x)4 alloy for 0≦x≦1.0 comprising placing amounts of the commercially pure Gd, Si, and Ge charge components in a crucible, heating the charge contents under subambient pressure to a melting temperature of the alloy for a time sufficient to homogenize the alloy and oxidize carbon with oxygen present in the Gd charge component to reduce carbon, rapidly solidifying the alloy in the crucible, and heat treating the solidified alloy at a temperature below the melting temperature for a time effective to homogenize a microstructure of the solidified material, and then cooling sufficiently fast to prevent the eutectoid decomposition and improve magnetocaloric and/or the magnetostrictive and/or the magnetoresistive properties thereof.Type: GrantFiled: February 23, 2001Date of Patent: July 8, 2003Assignee: Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr., Alexandra O. Pecharsky, Vitalij K. Pecharsky
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Patent number: 6318090Abstract: A cryocooler with a regenerator comprising one or more regenerator components, which are ductile and oxidation resistant, including a rare earth metal, an alloy of two or more rare earth metals, an alloy of a rare earth metal with a non-rare earth metal, and an alloy of a rare earth metal with at least one interstitial element.Type: GrantFiled: September 14, 1999Date of Patent: November 20, 2001Assignee: Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr., Vitalij K. Pecharsky, Alexandra O. Pecharsky
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Patent number: 5887449Abstract: A dual stage active magnetic regenerator refrigerator as well as method using the Joule-Brayton thermodynamic cycle includes a high temperature stage refrigerant comprising DyAl.sub.2 or (Dy.sub.1-x Er.sub.x)Al.sub.2 where x is selected to be greater than 0 and less than about 0.3 in combination with a low temperature stage comprising (Dy.sub.1-x Er.sub.x)Al.sub.2 where x is selected to be greater than about 0.5 and less than 1 to provide significantly improved refrigeration efficiency in the liquefaction of gaseous hydrogen.Type: GrantFiled: June 25, 1997Date of Patent: March 30, 1999Assignee: Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Vitalij K. Pecharsky, Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr.
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Patent number: 5806979Abstract: Apparatus for measuring heat capacity of a sample where a series of measurements are taken in succession comprises a sample holder in which a sample to be measured is disposed, a temperature sensor and sample heater for providing a heat pulse thermally connected to the sample, and an adiabatic heat shield in which the sample holder is positioned and including an electrical heater. An electrical power supply device provides an electrical power output to the sample heater to generate a heat pulse. The electrical power from a power source to the heat shield heater is adjusted by a control device, if necessary, from one measurement to the next in response to a sample temperature-versus-time change determined before and after a previous heat pulse to provide a subsequent sample temperature-versus-time change that is substantially linear before and after the subsequent heat pulse.Type: GrantFiled: November 19, 1996Date of Patent: September 15, 1998Assignee: Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr., Vitalij K. Pecharsky, Jack O. Moorman
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Patent number: 5743095Abstract: Active magnetic regenerator and method using Gd.sub.5 (Si.sub.x Ge.sub.1-x).sub.4, where x is equal to or less than 0.5, as a magnetic refrigerant that exhibits a reversible ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic-II/ferromagnetic-I first order phase transition and extraordinary magneto-thermal properties, such as a giant magnetocaloric effect, that renders the refrigerant more efficient and useful than existing magnetic refrigerants for commercialization of magnetic regenerators. The reversible first order phase transition is tunable from approximately 30 K to approximately 290 K (near room temperature) and above by compositional adjustments. The active magnetic regenerator and method can function for refrigerating, air conditioning, and liquefying low temperature cryogens with significantly improved efficiency and operating temperature range from approximately 10 K to 300 K and above. Also an active magnetic regenerator and method using Gd.sub.5 (Si.sub.x Ge.sub.1-x).sub.Type: GrantFiled: November 19, 1996Date of Patent: April 28, 1998Assignee: Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr., Vitalij K. Pecharsky
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Patent number: 5537826Abstract: A two stage Gifford-McMahon cryocooler having a low temperature stage for reaching approximately 10K, wherein the low temperature stage includes a passive magnetic heat regenerator selected from the group consisting of Er.sub.6 Ni.sub.2 Sn, Er.sub.6 Ni.sub.2 Pb, Er.sub.6 Ni.sub.2 (Sn.sub.0.75 Ga.sub.0.25), and Er.sub.9 Ni.sub.3 Sn comprising a mixture of Er.sub.3 Ni and Er.sub.6 Ni.sub.2 Sn in the microstructure.Type: GrantFiled: June 27, 1994Date of Patent: July 23, 1996Assignee: Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr., Vitalij K. Pecharsky
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Patent number: 5462610Abstract: A magnetic refrigerant for a magnetic refrigerator using the Ericsson thermodynamic cycle comprises DyAlNi and (Gd.sub.0.54 Er.sub.0.46)AlNi alloys having a relatively constant .DELTA.Tmc over a wide temperature range.Type: GrantFiled: July 8, 1993Date of Patent: October 31, 1995Assignee: Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr., Hiroyuki Takeya
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Patent number: 5435137Abstract: A ternary magnetic refrigerant material comprising (Dy.sub.1-x Er.sub.x)Al.sub.2 for a magnetic refrigerator using the Joule-Brayton thermodynamic cycle spanning a temperature range from about 60K to about 10K, which can be adjusted by changing the Dy to Er ratio of the refrigerant.Type: GrantFiled: July 8, 1993Date of Patent: July 25, 1995Assignee: Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr., Hiroyuki Takeya
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Patent number: 4824826Abstract: A method of growing large, up to 1 mm size single crystals of superconducting YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x, wherein x equals from 6.5 to 7.2.Type: GrantFiled: September 10, 1987Date of Patent: April 25, 1989Assignee: Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Michael A. Damento, Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr.
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Patent number: H197Abstract: A new ternary rare earth sulfur compound having the formula:La.sub.3-x M.sub.x S.sub.4where M is a rare earth element selected from the group europium, samarium and ytterbium and x=0.15 to 0.8.The compound has good high-temperature thermoelectric properties and exhibits long-term structural stability up to 1000.degree. C.Type: GrantFiled: March 6, 1986Date of Patent: January 6, 1987Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the United States Department of EnergyInventors: Takuo Takeshita, Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr., Bernard J. Beaudry