Abstract: Catalysts containing one of the metals iron, cobalt or nickel or a mixture of these are prepared by reduction of the particular catalyst intermediate with hydrogen at from 80.degree. to 260.degree. C. and under from 1 to 300 bar, in the liquid phase and in the presence of a redox system, and are used in the hydrogenation and amination of organic compounds.

Abstract: The proposed catalyst for the gas-phase alkylation of phenols is based on magnesium oxide, contains up to 0.4% by weight of alkali metal oxide and is mechanically stabilized with from 1 to 8% by weight, based on the total weight of the catalyst, of graphite, molded and then heated.

Abstract: Pyrroles are prepared by a process in which ammonia or an amine is reacted with a but-2-ene-1,4-diol in the presence of a supported catalyst containing copper, silver, zinc, palladium, nickel, cobalt and/or platinum and/or compounds of these metals as catalytic materials, and in the presence or absence of compounds of chromium and/or manganese as additional catalysts, in the gas phase.The pyrroles obtainable by the process of the invention are useful starting materials for the preparation of dyes, corrosion inhibitors, drugs and pesticides.

Abstract: Substituted phenols of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each hydrogen or an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical, are prepared by dehydrogenating a cyclic alcohol of the general formula II ##STR2## or a cyclic ketone of the general formula III ##STR3## where one of the broken lines can be an additional C-C bond, in the gas phase at from 150.degree. to 380.degree. C. over a supported noble metal catalyst, by a process in which the dehydrogenation catalyst used is palladium or platinum on an aluminum spinel carrier, in particular an aluminum spinel which has a BET specific surface area of from 5 to 150 m.sup.2 /g or, for the dehydrogenation of cyclohexenones, preferably from 10 to 50 m.sup.2 /g. Particularly suitable aluminum spinels are those which, in addition to aluminum, contain magnesium, zinc, cobalt or nickel.

Abstract: Catalysts for the preparation of carboxylates from an aldehyde and an alkanol in the presence of oxygen, which contain palladium and lead as active components, these being present on a carrier containing zinc oxide, and the palladium being applied as a palladium salt in a solution containing hydrochloric acid and then being liberated by reduction, and whose carrier consists solely of zinc oxide, are particularly active and selective.

Abstract: Hydrogenation catalysts, which have a specific surface area of from 50 to 150 square meters per gram, solely or partially contain crystals having a spinel structure and copper in the form of copper oxide, and have been obtained by precipitating copper and aluminum in a ratio of from 0.25 to 3 atoms of copper per atom of aluminum from their compounds in the presence of a carbonate at a pH of from 4.5 to 9 and calcining the resulting precipitate at from 300.degree. to 800.degree. C., for the catalytic preparation of propanediols by hydrogenating hydroxypropionaldehydes at not more than 300 bar pressure and from 50.degree. to 200.degree. C., and processes for the preparation of propanediols by the use of such catalysts.The propanediols obtainable by the process of the invention, in particular 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diol, are valuable starting materials for the preparation of lubricants, plastics, surface coatings and synthetic resins, for example corresponding polyesters.

Abstract: Hydrogenation catalysts, which have a specific surface area of from 50 to 150 square meters per gram, solely or partially contain crystals having a spinel structure and copper in the form of copper oxide, and have been obtained by precipitating copper and aluminum in a ratio of from 0.25 to 3 atoms of copper per atom of aluminum from their compounds in the presence of a carbonate at a pH of from 4.5 to 9 and calcining the resulting precipitate at from 300.degree. to 800.degree. C., for the catalytic preparation of propanediols by hydrogenating hydroxypropionaldehydes at not more than 300 bar pressure and from 50.degree. to 200.degree. C., and processes for the preparation of propanediols by the use of such catalysts.The propanediols obtainable by the process of the invention, in particular 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diol, are valuable starting materials for the preparation of lubricants, plastics, surface coatings and synthetic resins, for example corresponding polyesters.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a hydrogenation catalyst which contains the oxides of the metals nickel, copper, molybdenum and aluminum and/or iron, and may or may not contain manganese oxide, by precipitating a solution of salts of the metals with an alkali metal carbonate at from 35.degree. to 95.degree. C. and a pH of from 5 to 9 and heating the precipitate at from 350.degree. to 700.degree. C., the amount of the metal salts being selected so that the catalyst contains from 5 to 70 percent by weight of aluminum oxide and/or iron oxide, the remainder being principally nickel oxide and, based on nickel oxide, from 20 to 40 percent by weight of copper oxide, from 0.5 to 6 percent by weight of molybdenum oxide and from 0 to 10 percent by weight of manganese oxide.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a hydrogenation catalyst which contains the oxides of the metals nickel, copper, molybdenum and aluminum and/or iron, and may or may not contain manganese oxide, by precipitating a solution of salts of the metals with an alkali metal carbonate at from 35.degree. to 95.degree. C. and a pH of from 5 to 9 and heating the precipitate at from 350.degree. to 700.degree. C., the amount of the metal salts being selected so that the catalyst contains from 5 to 70 percent by weight of aluminum oxide and/or iron oxide, the remainder being principally nickel oxide and, based on nickel oxide, from 20 to 40 percent by weight of copper oxide, from 0.5 to 6 percent by weight of molybdenum oxide and from 0 to 10 percent by weight of manganese oxide.

Abstract: Propylene oxide is prepared by elimination of water from propylene glycol which in turn is obtainable from propylene glycol acetate. The water is eliminated in the gas phase over a solid catalyst which consists of a weakly acidic carrier and an alkaline additive. The process offers a new method of manufacturing propylene oxide.

Abstract: Methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate are manufactured by reacting, respectively, propionic acid and methyl propionate with dimethoxymethane in the presence of catalysts based on phosphates and/or silicates of magnesium, calcium, aluminum, zirconium, thorium and/or titanium, and in the presence of from 0 to 0.5 mole of water per mole of the acetal.

Abstract: An improved catalyst for the complete hydrogenation of acetylenically unsaturated alcohols and based on nickel, copper and manganese. The catalyst is used without a support and molybdenum is additionally included in an amount approximately equal to the content of manganese.

Abstract: An improved catalyst for the complete hydrogenation of acetylenically unsaturated alcohols and based on nickel, copper and manganese. The catalyst is used without a support and molybdenum is additionally included in an amount approximately equal to the content of manganese.

Abstract: A gas phase process for the production of triethylenediamine or 1,4-diaza-bicyclo-(2,2,2)-octane from N,N'-dihydroxyethylpiperazine, wherein aluminum oxide is used as a catalyst.

Abstract: A palladium catalyst for the maufacture of butene-2-diol-1,4 from technical butynediol obtained by reacting acetylene and formaldehyde by the Reppe method in contact with copper catalysts and not specially purified contains (in addition to palladium) both zinc and cadmium, or either zinc or cadmium together with bismuth or tellurium.

Abstract: A new catalyst for the manufacture of butynediol from formaldehyde and acetylene, based on a carbonate which contains copper, has the structure of the natural mineral manasseite, also contains magnesium or aluminum or -- in place of aluminum -- iron or chromium and is converted into the catalyst by reaction of the copper ions with acetylene.