Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the mass separation of a liquid mixture through fractional crystallization, wherein the crystal layer is crystallized on the indirectly cooled wall of the crystallization zone. The mass transfer occurs in thin boundary layers which are produced by rising gas bubbles which glide as closely as possible along the heat-dissipating surfaces. The method is well suited for products which form only a soft crystal layer with a rough surface. It is carried out in a vertical pipe heat exchanger into the pipes of which (6) there extend into the lower part thereof gas-inlet pipes (7) which are mounted in the middle and are secured with centering pins (8). The maximum inside diameter of the pipes is dependent upon the optimum thickness of the crystal layer and of the concentration of the crystallizable component in the feedstock.

Abstract: Upgrading coke quality of coals by adding a pitch-like product with a softening point (K-S) of 90.degree.-160.degree. C. to the coal. The additive is obtained by treating finely divided coal or other carbon containing raw material with hydrocarbon solvents derived from coal and petroleum and then removing 2-20% of the light boiling components of the highly aromatic pitch-like product.

Abstract: Hydrous soot material containing a hydrocarbon is formed into molded articles which are then coked to form a high carbon content product.

Abstract: The invention provides novel mixtures of at least two aminoalkanols of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent a C.sub.1-21 alkyl and the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is 6 to 22; and the R.sub.1 --CH--CH--R.sub.2 units are mixtures containing 8 to 24 carbon atoms of at least two compounds. The vicinal OH and NH.sub.2 substituents are uniformly distributed statistically along the chain. The mixtures are readily prepared from mixtures of C.sub.8 -C.sub.24 olefins by epoxidation followed by reaction with ammonia.The mixtures are useful as intermediates in the production of hydroxyalkyl-aminobutyric acid mixtures for lubricating the cold working of aluminum and as corrosion inhibitors for corrodible iron-containing metals.

Abstract: The plug lifting structure for a stopper in a tundish is coupled, via a single, mechanical connection point, to a hydraulic actuator rod being part of the casting stand, so that removal of the tundish merely requires lowering of that rod to separate the control connection.